Ekoloji Issue 22 (1997)

ABSTRACT

Throughout the article, factors that causes soil pollution and loss of soil, have been discussed. Fertilazion and disinfection of soil, unproductiveness of soil caused by industrial wastes and soil losses resulted from erosion have been instructed. Possible measures which could be taken and activities which could be done have been expressed in a general perspective.

Keywords: Soil Erosion, Fertilization, Agricultural Disinfection, İndustrial Waste

ABSTRACT

The progressively vvidening gap between the consumption and supply of energy, as well as the severe economic changes created by large oil price increases, caused serious concern to most countries of the world in the 1970' s. The developing countries were particularly hard hit by the high oil prices, and faced great difficulties in obtaining enough energy for their needs. Oil prices increased nearly 10 times in the period 1970 to 1981. In 1980, of the 2000 million people, 75 % of the population of the developing countries, who dependedonfuelwood. Mor e than half of these people - 1050 million-were in a deficit situation and could provide fortheir minimum energy requirements only by over-cutting of the wood resources which was to lead to theirdepletion with disastrous ecological, environmental and socio-economic consequences. Sixty three out of 95 developing countries were faced with inadequate supplies offuel wood. This concern, and the recognition ofthefinite nature of conventional energy sources, induced many countries to place mor e emphasis on the utilization of new and renewable sources of energy. Forest biomass is the most important resource in the renewable sources of energy.

Keywords: Energy, Biomass, Fuelwood, Developing Countries

ABSTRACT

In this paper the concentrations of primary elements of the water samples and suspended materials investigated, collected monthly from Murat River in the year 1993. The results show that Murat River has a basic water with a pH value of 8,17 and a significant positive correlation, as afunction of erosion, betveen discharge and suspended material concentration exist. The primary elements Ca, Mg, Na, K and Zn concentrated in water as well as in suspended material, Fe, Mn, Cu and P in suspended material. Although, interelement relation in water not determined exactly, apparently a significant positive correlation betvveen many element pairs in suspended material, like Ca-K, Ca-Zn and Fe-Zn, is present. The water of Murat River gives not any indication of environmental influences. On the basis of it s chemical composition it has a higher element concentration than of the world average.

Keywords: Murat River, Hydrogeochemistry and Natural Water

ABSTRACT

In this study, the chemical and biological characteristics of Narlıgöl located between Niğde and Nevşehir, were investigated. We observed that the lake was oligotrophic, hyperthermal, and rich with respect to the mineral substance. Narlıgöl which is poor in terms of flora and fauna, is stili under the threat oferosion. We have determined that the lake water was contaminated by coliform due to the animalfaces.

Keywords: Oligotrofik göl, Termal, Flora, Fauna

ABSTRACT

In the first step of this study, unknown waste plastics were identified by simple methods and the density of identified waste plastic materials was determined by titration method. in the second step of this study, an alternative separation technique f ör plastics recycling was developed and by using liauids of varying density a sink -float system was proposed.

Keywords: Waste Plastics, Titration, Density, Recycling, Separation, Sink - Float

ABSTRACT

Some microorganisms have the ability to convert molecular nitrogen inıo biologically available forms such as ammonia, a process known as nitrogen fıxatıon. This process is also accomplished symbiotically by some procaryotic organisms which infect the roots of specific hoşt plants. in this article, symbiotıc nitrpgen fıxation benveen the vascular plants and their specific procaryotic symbionts have been dealt with in detail under the light of the most recent literatüre, with special emphasis on the occurrence of this phenomenon in numerous plant species belonging to various orders and families aside from the legumes. The latest fındings on the physiological phenomena such as the formation development, and aging of the nodules which play vital roles in symbiotic nitrogen fıxation have also been presented. On the other hand. the possible contibution to the agriculture of the conveyance of nitrogen-fıxing ability to oılıer plant species and of delaying the nodule aging have been discussed.

Keywords: Nitrogen Fixation, Symbiont Organisms. Nodule Formation And Aging, Hormonal Interactions

ABSTRACT

Soil degradation refers to a decline in rhe soil's produetivity through deterioration ofthe physical, ehemical and biological soil properties. The most important processes and couses of soil degradation are water and wind erosion, salinization. alkalization, asidification. leaching, and toxic levels of Al and Mn concentration in soil solution. The rate of soil degradation is directly related to unsuitable land use. Understanding the processes, factors and causes of soil degradation is important for restoratıon of degraded soils.

Keywords: Soil Degradation, Soil Quality, Soil Restoration

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