Ekoloji Issue 98 (2016)

Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Levels in Soils near Wastewater Treatment Plants and Landfills

Ruken Ogulmus, Yucel Tasdemir, Sabahattin Sıddık Cindoruk

Issue: 98, Pages: 1-8, Year: 2016

DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.22

[Abstract] Full Text: (PDF) [References]

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Spatial distributions of heavy metals in the water and sediments of lake Çıldır, Turkey

Ali Alkan, Cigdem Gokcek, Ufuk Akbas, Nigar Alkan

Issue: 98, Pages: 9-16, Year: 2016

DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.23

[Abstract] Full Text: (PDF) [References]

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Ebru Ceren Fidan, Umit Sirin

Issue: 98, Pages: 17-24, Year: 2016

DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.24

[Abstract] Full Text: (PDF) [References]

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Spawning and Larval Rearing in Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone chrysops ♀ X Morone saxatilis ♂) in Turkey

Yusuf Guner, Volkan Kizak, Muhammet Altunok, Ihsan Celik

Issue: 98, Pages: 25-32, Year: 2016

DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2016.01

[Abstract] Full Text: (PDF) [References]

ABSTRACT

This study is the first spawning and larval rearing of the F1 hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops ♀ X M. saxatilis ♂) grown in culture conditions in Turkey. The F1 Hybrid striped bass was fed with commercial pellet feed in floating net cages. They reached the sexual maturity at two years old. Female brood fish were given 30 µg/kg of LHRH-a (Lutenizing hormone releasing hormone analogue) and male fish given 10
µg/kg; of CHP(Dried carp pituitary), 4 mg/kg was used for the female and half that amount for the male for induced breeding. The fish injected LHRHa were successfully induced to both strip spawning and tank spawning by a single hormone injection. However, fish injected CPH and saline, untreated control did not spawn. Latency period was found to be 20.41±0.91 hour. In term of fertilization rate, larval deformity rate no significant difference was found between tank spawning and strip spawning (p>0.05).Fertilization rates ranged from 56.3% to 85.4% and hatch rates were between 0.99% and 46.88%, whereas the level of larval deformities ranged between 81.25% and 100%.
Hatched larvae were placed into 400-liter rectangular tanks with water discharge of 4 liter/minute at a stocking density of 30 larvae/liter. After larvae hatching, they were given artemia nauplii for 5-19 days. Trout granule feed (300-500 micron) also started to be given in addition to artemia nauplii afterwards. Granule feed was started eating completely 24 th days. The larvae obtained from a single hatch in the production season reached 2.87 cm length in 32 days with 2.7% survival rate. Of this study was terminated due to white spot disease (Ichtyophthirius multifilis) arising from sudden change in water temperature. The F2 progenies were not deemed to be available for aquaculture due to poor fertilization, poor hatching, low survival rate and high deformity rate. For the progenies of the hybrid striped bass that grow in natural water, it was suggested that their ecology in waters in Turkey be first studied and brought into aquaculture afterwards.

Keywords: hybrid striped bass, larval rearing, spawning

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Ferat Uzun, Hasan Beytullah Donmez

Issue: 98, Pages: 33-40, Year: 2016

DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.21

[Abstract] Full Text: (PDF) [References]

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Production Optimisation of a Land-Based Trout Farm and the Reduction of its Environmental Effects

Yusuf Guner, Volkan Kizak, Hulya Saygi, Gamze Turan, Hatice Tekogul, Ulviye Karacalar, Fatih Gulec, Muge Hekimoglu

Issue: 98, Pages: 41-51, Year: 2016

[Abstract] Full Text: (PDF) [References]

ABSTRACT

In this study, certain water quality parameters (water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total inorganic nitrogen (TIN), phosphate (PO4), nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), and (BOD5) in the effluents and the efficiency of the treatment systems for eliminating wastes at a commercial trout farm with a capacity of 10 tons/year in Izmir (Kemalpaşa) were examined. The DO, temperature, pH, TIN, PO4, NO2, NO3, and BOD5 measured, were different in the outlet waters when compared with the inlet waters (p<0.05). The settling basin did not reduce the TIN and PO4, on the contrary, it caused an increase in the nitrogen (N) up to 19.9% and phosphorus (P) up to 20.30%, while the wetlands reduced the N, P, and BOD5 up to 53.2%, 58.2%, and 36.5%, respectively (p<0.05). According to the chemical and biological methods, the averages of the TIN and P loads for one tone of cultured trout without treatment were estimated to be were 80 kg and 7 kg, respectively. The annual TIN load of this trout farm was estimated to be 21.3 kg while the TP load was 2.9 kg for one tone of cultured trout when the treatment efficiency was taken into account. The microbiological analyses conducted with the effluent waters showed that the rate of aerobic mesophilic bacteria was found to be high in the summer but low in the winter. It was also detected that the coliform group bacteria were present in the environment in the summer while their occurence was with-in standards in the winter.
Interactions of the 9 water quality parameters were identified through the linear regression analysis in order to reduce the environmental effects of the facility DO= 28.296 – (0.248 × BOD5) – (2.948 × pH) + (0.189 × temperature) + (0.851 × inlet water) + (0.163 × winter) (R2=0.912). According to this model, the DO values were increased by the temperature, inlet water and the winter season while reduced by the BOD5 and pH. The dissolved oxygen content in the wetland outlet water was measured as being high because of the nutrient and temperature rises which boosted photosyntesis. It was concluded that using mechanical settling methods were inadequate to minimise the nutrients released into the receiving water body so wetlands should be constructed in such a way as to receive the flow of effluents from the trout farms. As a result the quality of water used by the facility has no adverse impact on the aquaculture and environmental ecosystem.

Keywords: environmental effect, monitoring, TN and TP loads, Trout farming, water quality

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An Exploratory Study on the Perception of Air, Water, Soil, Visual and General Pollution

Murat Cankurt, Abdullah Akpinar, Bulent Miran

Issue: 98, Pages: 52-60, Year: 2016

DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2016.02

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Littoral Epilithic Algae of the Ondokuz Mayıs University Pond I (Samsun, Turkey)

Mehmet Ali Donmez, Faruk Maraslioglu

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