Assessment of a Shallow Montane Lentic Ecosystem (Lake Golcuk, Izmir, Turkey) Using Benthic Community Diversity
Seray YILDIZ, Murat OZBEK, Ayse TASDEMIR, Esat Tarik TOPKARA
Issue: 97, Pages: 1-13, Year: 2015
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.34
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The macrobenthic invertebrate community of a shallow Mediterranean lake (Lake Golcuk, Izmir, Turkey) was studied in order to (a) describe the intra-annual and spatial variability in benthic communities, (b) relate possible community changes to environmental conditions and (c) evaluate the responses of the lake’s ecological status on community indices. The benthic assemblage was sampled seasonally at six sites during a period of 2 years (June 2008-March 2010). Additionally, hypolimnetic water quality variables were monitored over the same period at each site. The benthic fauna of Lake Gölcük was found to be very limited with 16 species belonging to four taxonomic groups. Potamothrix hammoniensis was the dominant benthic species and represented more than 72% of the total benthic fauna. Depth, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, transparency, and water temperature seemed to be the main environmental factors affecting community indices. Benthic communities are affected by human disturbances in Lake Gölcük shifting their composition to more tolerant taxa, reflecting also the eutrophic to hypertophic character of the lake
Keywords: diversity, eutrophication, macroinvertebrates, lentic ecosystems, shallow lake
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The Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of the Phytoplankton of a Mesotrophic Lake Related to Certain Physical and Chemical Parameters
Tugba ONGUN SEVINDIK, Ersin ALTUNDAL, Fatma KUCUK
Issue: 97, Pages: 14-23, Year: 2015
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.09
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The seasonal and spatial distribution of the phytoplankton and their relationship with physicochemical parameters of Lake Poyrazlar, a mesotrophic lake located in Northwest Turkey, was studied monthly between April 2011 and March 2012. A total of 120 taxa in 7 divisions were identified during the study. The planktonic algae of Lake Poyrazlar was dominated by Cyanobacteria in the summer, Charophyta in the fall, diatoms and Cryptophyta in the winter, and Chlorophyta in the spring. The relationships between water temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, Secchi disk depth (transparency), Chl-a, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate (PO4-P), silica (Si), sulfate (SO4) concentrations, and the abundance of dominant species were explored using the statistical method of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The CCA results showed that the most important factors affecting the distribution of phytoplankton were the concentrations of the main nutrients, water temperature, and underwater light.
Keywords: algae, CCA, nutrients, and seasonal distribution
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Determination of the Trophic State of Lake Uluabat (Bursa-Turkey)
Aslihan KATIP, Saadet ILERI, Feza KARAER, Sonay ONUR
Issue: 97, Pages: 24-35, Year: 2015
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.07
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Eutrophication has become a widespread matter of concern during the last 50 years. Because of the relationship between biotic and abiotic factors, the determination of the trophic level of lakes is important. In this study, the trophic level of Lake Uluabat was determined using different trophic states indices (TSISD, TSICHL, TSITP, and TSITN) in 8 stations between May-2008 and May-2009. As a result, the indices were above the eutrophic level during the year. With regard to the seasonal variations of the indices, the highest values were in the summer and autumn (hypertrophic), while the lowest values were in the spring and winter seasons (hypertrophic-eutrophic). It was seen that in addition to nitrogen and phosphorus, temperature affected the growth of algae in the summer. For this reason, Chl-a (maximum 43.87 mg/m3) and alkalinity (maximum 282.85 mg/L) concentrations raised, and the dissolved oxygen (minimum 5.08 mg/L) concentrations decreased in the summer. It was observed that the diversity of the aquaculture species (fish and algae) decreased and the species having low economic value were dominant with an increase of the eutrophication level. According to the ratio between the nitrogen and phosphorus and a significant statistical correlation between nitrogen forms and chl-a, the algae species were co-limited by nitrogen with phosphorus the whole year and might be species that were each limited by different nutrients. The high diversity of species in the Lake, discharging of untreated domestic wastewater and chemical fertilizer usage were determined as the reasons of the co-limitation of the nitrogen with phosphorus. Also according to the trophic level and concentration values, Lake Uluabat exceeded the limit for potable water and water-oriented recreation.
Keywords: Chlorophyll-a, lake trophic state, nitrogen limitation, N/P ratios, and Secchi disc depth.
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Multielement and Rare Earth Element Composition of the Soil and Lichen from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Jasna HUMEROVIC, Tidza MUHIC-SARAC, Mustafa MEMIC, Sabina ZERO, Alisa SELOVIC
Issue: 97, Pages: 36-44, Year: 2015
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.10
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this study is to assess the level of contamination from mercury and other elements in the Sarajevo area. The soil and lichen samples (Hypogymnia physodes) were collected from selected areas there were nine soil sites and four sites for lichens. Validated and standardized analytical procedures were used in order to compare the obtained results with data from other countries in Europe. The accuracy of the results obtained by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS) for total mercury and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for other elements (Ag, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Ga, Hf, Ho, In, K, La, Mo, Na, Nd, Pd, Pr, Rb, Ru, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Tm, U, W, Yb, Zn, and Zr) was verified by the use of certified reference materials. Results obtained for mercury showed that at three sites (Butmir, PMF, and Blekin potok) the mercury concentrations in the soil were much higher, 5 to 10 times higher, than the allowed values. All lichens samples examined contained low mercury concentrations that cannot be correlated with the mercury contents in the soil. Comparison of the multielemental analysis of the lichen H. physodes and surface soils samples is also presented.
Keywords: lichen, multielemental analysis, pollution, Sarajevo, soil
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A Study on the Effects of the Aggregate Size on Erosion by Runoff and Splash under Simulated Rainfall Conditions
Gokcen YONTER
Issue: 97, Pages: 45-53, Year: 2015
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.12
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different sized aggregates on runoff, sediment by runoff, and by splash with simulated rainfall. A soil sample which is known and well aggregated, was taken from the Agriculture Faculty’s Research Field of Ege University, and passed through different sieves (25-20 mm, 20-16 mm, 16-10 mm, 10-5 mm, 5-2 mm, 2-1 mm, and 1-0.2 mm) to establish 7 grouping. The sieved soil samples were placed in the erosion trays (30x30 cm), and simulated rainfall (65 mm h-1) was applied to the trays for 1 hour. According to the results of the simulated rainfall experiments, the aggregate
sizes were found very effective on runoff (p= 0.0001; r= -0.420**), sediment by runoff (p= 0.0001; r= -0.980**), water resistance aggregate stability (p = 0.0001; r= 0.840**), mean weight diameter (p= 0.041; r= 0.550*), and aggregate index (p= 0.0001; r= 0.867**), significantly. No correlation was found between the aggregate sizes and sediment by splash linearly but polynomial relationships were found between the aggregate sizes and sediment by splash in the study.
Keywords: aggregate size, aggregate stability, mean weight diameter, runoff, sediment, splash
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A New Rotating Tumbler Apparatus for Zooplankton Grazing in a Laboratory
Azma Hanim ISMAIL, Scott MILLS, Friedrich RECKNAGEL
Issue: 97, Pages: 54-59, Year: 2015
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.13
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The Low Revolutions per Minute Tumbler (LRPMT) is a new creation which is capable of providing better results in terms of minimum algae sedimentation as compared with other methods in literature. This device maintained the algae sample in suspension during the experiment allowing the grazers to ingest at a maximum rate. Even though the limitation affects the capability of the vessel to work perfectly, we recommended the new device as a suitable method to minimize algae sedimentation during zooplankton feeding experiments. The grazing rates of Daphnia carinata on five algae species (Microcystis flos-aquae, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) were measured in order to understand the interaction between phytoplankton and zooplankton. Although various devices have been used to minimize algal sedimentation during experiments such as: a shaker, plankton wheel, a roller-tube device, and stirrer, reliable equipment is still uncertain and questionable.
Keywords: Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella vulgaris, Daphnia carinata, grazing, Microcystis flos-aquae, rotating tumbler, Scenedesmus obliquus
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Estimation of Potential E-waste Generation in Jordan
Motasem SAIDAN, Adnan TARAWNEH
Issue: 97, Pages: 60-64, Year: 2015
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.25
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Electronic waste (E-waste) has recently been perceived to be a problem confined to Jordan. The changing of economic scenarios and global technological development has contributed the amount of E-waste becomming part of the waste stream in Jordan. The necessary regulations regarding E-waste are not yet in place. Therefore, a reliable estimation of E-waste generation is crucial to policymakers. Considering the limited available data, this paper describes the current and future estimation of E-waste generation in Jordan, namely cell phones, personal computers, TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. Jordan is estimated to generate about 16,874 tons of E-waste in the year 2015, as compared to the present generation of 15,211 tones, accounting for about 0.7% of all municipal solid wastes dumped in the country. The average amount of E-waste produced per capita indicates it is estimated to grow from 2.38 kg/capita in 2012 to 2.48 kg/capita in 2015. Over a span of 5 years, from 2007 to 2012, a total of 84,533 tones became obsolete. In the 3 years prior to 2015, it is projected that an additional 49,153 tones will become obsolete.
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