Ekoloji Issue 95 (2015)

Tuz Lake Special Environment Protection Area, Central Anatolia, Turkey: The EUNIS Habitat Classification and Habitat Change Detection between 1987 and 2007

Orhan MERGEN, Cagasan KARACAOGLU

Issue: 95, Pages: 1-9, Year: 2015

DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.06

[Abstract] Full Text: (PDF) [References]

REFERENCES

Aksoy A, Hamzaoglu E (2006)Vegetation zones in the salty marshes of Central Anatolia and natural borders of agricultural usage (Turkey). In: Ozturk M, Waisel Y, Khan MA, Gork G (eds), Biosaline Agriculture and Salinity Tolerance in Plants, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 109-116.
Balkız Ö, Özesmi U, Pradel R, Germain C, Sıkı M, Amat JA, Rendon-Martos M, Bacetti N, Béchet A (2007) Range of the greater flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus metapopulation in the Mediterranean: new insights from Turkey. Journal of Ornithology 148(3): 347-355.
Barrette J, August P, Golet F (2000) Accuracy assessment of wetland boundarydelineation using aerial photography and digital orthophotography. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 66: 409-416.
Chopra K, Adhikari SK (2004) Environment development linkages: modelling a wetland system for ecological and economic value. Environment and Development Economics 9: 9-45.
Couloigner I , Ranchin T, Valtonen VP, Wald L (1998) Benefit of the future SPOT-5 and of data fusion to urban roads mapping. International Journal of Remote Sensing 19(8): 1519-1532.
Cowardin L, Myers V (1974) Remote sensing for identification and classification of wetland vegetation. The Journal of Wildlife Management 38(2): 308-314.
Davies CE, Moss D, Hill MO (2004) EUNIS Habitat Classification Revised 2004. Report to the European Topic Centre on Nature Protection and Biodiversity. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen.
Delory GT, Laver C, de Pater I, Pitman J, Duncan A (2010) High resolution remote sensing observations for missions to the Jovian system: Io as a case study. Planet Space Science 58(13):1699-1707.
Dengiz O, Baskan O (2009) Land quality assessment and sustainable land use in Salt Lake (Tuz Gölü) specially protected area. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 148(1): 233-243.
Dengiz O, Ozcan H, Köksal ES, Kosker Y (2010) Sustainable Natural Resource Management and Environmental Assessment in The Salt Lake (Tuz Golu) Specially Protected Area. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 161: 327-342.
Durduran SS (2010) Coastline change assessment on water reservoirs located in the Konya Basin Area, Turkey, using multitemporal landsat imagery. ournal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 164(1-4): 453-61.
Fustec E, Lefeuvre JC (2000) Fonctions et valeurs des zones humides. Dunod, Paris.
Hamzaoglu E, Aksoy A (2009) Phytosociological Studies on the Halophytic Communities of Central Anatolia. Ekoloji 18(71): 1-14.
Hirano A, Madden M, Welch R (2003). Hyperspectral image data for mapping wetland vegetation. Wetlands 23(2): 436-448.
Hoekstra JM, Boucher TM, Ricketts TH, Roberts C (2005) Confronting a biome crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection. Ecology Letters 8(1): 23-29.
Guidotti G, Regato P, Jimenez-Caballero S (1986) The Major Forest Types in the Mediterranean. World Wide Fund for Nature, Rome.
Jensen JR, Hodgson ME, Christensen E, Mackey HE, Tinney Jr. LR, Sharitz RR (1986) Remote sensing inland wetlands: a multispectral approach. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 52: 87-100.
Jones K, Lanthier Y, van der Voet P, van Valkengoed E, Taylor D, Fernandez-Prieto D (2009) Monitoring and assessment of wetlands using earth observation: the GlobWetland project. Journal of Environmental Management 90(7): 2154-2169.
Junk WJ, Finlayson S, Gopal CM, Kvet B, Mitchell J, Robarts RD (2013) Current state of knowledge regarding the world’s wetlands and their future under global climate change: a synthesis. Aquatic sciences 75(1): 151-167.
Lefeuvre JC, Laffaille P, Feunteun E, Bouchard V, Radureau A (2003) Biodiversity in salt marshes: from patrimonial value to ecosystem functioning. The case study of the Mont-Saint-Michel bay. Comptes Rendus Biologies 326: 125-131.
MacMillan DK, Splichal DE (2005). A review of field technologies for long-term monitoring of ordnance- related compounds in groundwater. Environmental Chemistry Branch, Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Omaha. http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/elpubs/pdf/trel05-14.pdf
Maron M, Fitzsimons JA (2007)Agricultural intensification and loss of matrix habitat over 23 years in the West Wimmera, south-eastern Australia. Biological Conservation 135(4): 587-593.
Richards J, Jia X (1993)Remote sensing digital image analysis. Springer, Berlin.
Thakur JK, Srivastava PK, Singh SK, Vekerdy Z (2012) Ecological monitoring of wetlands in semi-arid region of Konya closed Basin, Turkey. Regional Environmental Change 12(1): 133-144.
Tilman D, May RM, Lehman CL, Nowak MA (1994) Habitat destruction and the extinction debt. Nature 371: 65-66.
Tong X, Liu S, Weng Q (2010) Bias-corrected rational polynomial coefficients for high accuracy geo- positioning of QuickBird stereo imagery. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 65(2): 218- 226
van den Bergh JCJM, Barendregt A, Gilbert A, van Herwijnen M, van Horssen P, Kandelaars P, Lorenz C (2001) Spatial economic-hydroecological modelling and evaluation of land use impact in the Vecht wetlands area. Environmental Modeling and Assessment 6: 87-100.
van den Bergh JCJM, Barendregt A, Gilbert A (2004) Spatial ecological-economic Analysis for Wetland Management: Modelling and Scenario Evaluation of Land-use. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Winter TC (1999) Relation of streams, lakes, and wetlands to groundwater flow systems. Hydrogeology Journal 7(1): 28-45.

Ecological status of coastal waters of Ayvalık (Aegean Sea, Turkey) assessed by the EEI method

Ergun TASKIN

Issue: 95, Pages: 10-16, Year: 2015

DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.14

[Abstract] Full Text: (PDF) [References]

REFERENCES

Anonymous (2000) Directive 2000/60EC of the European Parliment and of the Council of 20 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the Field of Water Policy. Offical Journal of the European Communities, Brussels.
Atıcı T (1997) The pollution and algae in the Sakarya River. Ekoloji 24: 28-32.
Ayvaz M, Tenekcioglu E, Koru E (2011) Determination of Trophic Status of Afsar (Manisa-Turkey) Dam Lake. Ekoloji 20: 37-47.
Ballesteros E, Torras X, Pinedo S, Garcia M, Mangialajo L, de Torres M (2007) A new methodology based on littoral community cartography dominated by macroalgae for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive. Marine Pollution Bulletin 55: 172-180.
Carletti A, Heiskanen AS (2009) Water Framework Directive intercalibration technical report. Part 3: Transitional and Coastal Waters. European Commission Joint Research Center Technical Report, Brussels.
Gobert S, Sartoretto S, Rico-Raimondino V, Andral B, Chery A, Lejeune PBoissery P (2009) Assessment of three ecological status of Mediterranean French coastal waters as required by the Water Framework Directive using the Posidonia oceanica Rapid Easy Index: PREI. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58: 1727-1733.
Nikolic V, Zuljevc A, Antolic B (2011) Macroalgae as bioindicators in the Adriatic Sea: the application of CARLIT and EEI methods. European Journal of Phycology 46: 181-181.
Orfanidis S, Panayotidis P, Stamatis N (2001) Ecological evaluation of transitional and coastal waters: A marine benthic macrophytes-based model. Mediterranean Marine Science 2: 45-65.
Orfanidis S, Panayotidis P, Ugland KI (2011) Ecological Evaluation Index continuous formula (EEI-c) application: a step forward for functional groups, the formula and reference condition values. Mediterranean Marine Science 12: 199-231.
Orlando-Bonaca M, Lipej L, Orfanidis S (2008) Benthic macrophytes as a tool for delineating, monitoring and assessing ecological status: The case of Slovenian coastal waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56: 666-676.
Panayotidis P, Montesanto B, Orfanidis S (2004) Use of lowbudget monitoring of macroalgae to implement the European Water Framework Directive. Journal of Applied Phycology 16(1): 49-59.
Romero J, Martinez-Crego B, Alcoverro T, Perez M (2007) A multivariate index based on the seagrass Posidonia oceanica (POMI) to assess ecological status of coastal waters under the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Marine Pollution Bulletin 55: 196-204.
Sfriso A, Facca C, Ghetti PF (2007) Rapid Quality Index, based mainly on Macrophyte Associations (R- MaQI), to assess the ecological status of the transitional environments. Chemistry and Ecology 23: 1-11.
Sfriso A, Facca C (2011) Ecological Indices based on macroalgae and angiosperms in the Mediterranean eco-region: an overview. In: Stambler N (ed.), Life in the Mediterranean Sea: A Look at Habitat Changes, Nova Science Publishers, 521-541.
Taşkın E, Öztürk M (2012) Biodiversity of marine flora of Ayvalık. In: Proceedings of the Underwater Values and Tourism Symposium, 7-9 June 2012, Ayvalik, 3-4.

The Environmental and Ecological Effects of the Plaster Stemming Method for Blasting: A case study

Halim CEVIZCI

Issue: 95, Pages: 17-22, Year: 2015

DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.11

[Abstract] Full Text: (PDF) [References]

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out at a limestone quarry of the Kartaş Company at the Bozanönü village in the Isparta region in 2010. Two blast trials, one with a classical drill cuttings stemming method and new plaster stemming method were carried out and the environmental and ecological effects were measured in terms of vibration and air shock and observed flying rock. The results were evaluated in terms of environmental and ecological values. In the one series of blast tests, the blast cost was reduced to 16 % by increasing the burden and spacing distance for the unit volume rock. In this way, 21% more blast area and the 21% more rock was obtained with the same hole-drilling. It means that lesser drilling and lesser blasting results in lesser environmental and ecological effects for obtaining the unit volume rock.
Blast trial with plaster stemming produced less oversize material. For instance, +30 cm size fragments reduced to 5.4 % compared to 37.7 % in the conventional method of classical drill cutting stemming. In the next process, both the product can be broken and ground more profitable and especially the dust problem and other grinding and breaking induced environmental and ecological damage will be reduced. Therefore, it is expected that the new stemming method will commonly be preferred in the future. Using the new plaster stemming method, in spite of the 88 m measuring distance, vibration, and air shock values increased in the Peak Particle velocity (PPV) value from 12.0 mm/s to 17.8 mm/s and in the air shock value from 132 dB to 132.9 dB by directing more blast energy to rock breakage. Firstly in spite of it being seen as a disadvantage, it is not a disadvantage because of the total work (lower specific charge and specific drilling). In other words, we can obtain the same rock with lesser drilling and lesser explosives. In addition, these increased values were small and under the permitted limit of blast damage criteria in spite of the short measuring distance. Within the blasting area especially the birds, mammals, plants, as well as other living organisms can be affected. In terms of reducing the bad effects of blasting on the biological diversity, the new method provides successful and encouraging results because of a lower specific charge and specific drilling.

Keywords: air shock, blasting, biological diversity, ecology, plaster stemming, vibration

REFERENCES

Bernis F (1983) Migration of the common Griffon Vulture in the Western Palearctic. In: Wilbur SR, Jackson JA (eds), Vulture Biology and management, University of California Press, Berkeley, 185-196.
Cevizci H (2010) In open pit blasting, the effect of stemming parameter to blasting efficiency. PhD Thesis, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta (in Turkish).
Cevizci H, Akçakoca H (2011) Plaster Stemming Application at a Limestone Quarry. In: Proceedings of the National Aggreagate Symposium, 6-7 October 2011, Sivas, 99-104.
Cevizci H (2012) A newly developed plaster stemming method for blasting. The Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy December: 1071-1078.
Cevizci H, Yavuz H, Sakçalı A (2013) Importance of Delayed Detonation fo Blasting by Means of Work Safety and Correct Delay Time Design. In: Proceedings of the Maden İşletmelerinde İşçi Sağlığı ve İş Güvenliği Sempozyumu, 21-22 November 2013, Adana, 313-318 (In Turkish).
Devine JF, Beck RH, Meyer AVC, Duvall WI (1996) Effect of Charge Weight ın Vibration Levels from Quarry Blasting. United States Bureau of Mines, Washington DC.
Do Y, Lineman MJ, Joo G J (2012) Impacts of Different Land-use Patterns on the Carabid Beetle Diversity and Species Assemblages in South Korea. Ekoloji 21(84): 9-17.
Fukuyama I, Ogawa T, Taniguchi K (1985) Underwater Blasting For Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Route. Bulletin of the Faculty of Engineering Yokohama National University 34: 1-30.
Korkmaz H, Mumcu U, Alkan S, Kutbay HG (2012) A Syntaxonomical Study on The Psammophyl, Hygrophyl and Forest Vegetation of Golardi (Terme/Samsun) Wildlife Protecting Area. Ekoloji 21(85): 64-79. Özçelik H (1995) Studies on Protections of Endemic and Rare Plants. Suleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Science 1:1-14.
Özçelik H (2000) Studies on Protections of Endemic and Rare Plants of Lakes Region. Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences 2: 93-116.
Özkahraman HT (2009) Patlatma Teknolojisi. Tuğra Ofset, Isparta (In Turkish).
Öztürk Y, Tabur MA (2013) Observations on the Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus (Hablizl, 1783) located in Yazılı Kanyon (Isparta). Suleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Science 17-1: 70-75.
Tamrock (1984) Handbook on Surface Drilling and Blasting. Painofaktorit, Finland.

Community Structure and Seasonal Changes of Soil Microarthropods in a Native Oak Stand and Scots Pine Plantation

Meric CAKIR, Ender MAKINECI

Issue: 95, Pages: 23-31, Year: 2015

DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.02

[Abstract] Full Text: (PDF) [References]

REFERENCES

Akburak S, Oral H V, Ozdemir E, Makineci E (2013) Temporal variations of biomass, carbon and nitrogen of roots under different tree species. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 28: 8-16.
Anonymous (2006) IUSS Working Group, World reference base for soil resources 2006. World Soil Resources (WRB ) Reports No. 103. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Balvanera P, Pfisterer A B, Buchmann N, He JS, Nakashizuka T, Raffaelli D, Schmid B (2006) Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services. Ecology Letters 9: 1146-1156.
Binkley D, Giardina C (1998) Why do tree species affect soils? The warp and woof of tree-soil interactions. Biogeochemistry 42: 89-106.
Birkhofer K, Diekötter T, Boch S, Fischer M, Müller J, Socher S, Wolters V (2011) Soil fauna feeding activity in temperate grassland soils increases with legume and grass species richness. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43(10): 2200-2207.
Blake GR, Hartge KH (1986) Bulk Density and Particle Density. In: Klute A (eds), Methods of Soil Analysis, SSSA Book Series: 5, Madison, 363-381.
Çakır M, Makineci E (2009) The functional structure of soil micro-arthropods and effects on litter decomposition- An example of the Belgrad Forest. Journal of the Bartin Faculty of Forestry 1: 135-140.
Cole L, Bradford MA, Shaw P JA, Bardgett RD (2006) The abundance, richness and functional role of soil eso- and macro-fauna in temperate grassland-a case study. Applied Soil Ecology 33: 186-198.
Coleman DC, Crossley DA, Hendrix PF (2004) Fundamentals of soil ecology. Elsevier Academic Press, London.
Cragg RG, Bardgett RD (2001) How changes in animal diversity within a soil trophic group influence ecosystem processes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33: 2073-2081.
David JF, Gillon D (2002) Annual feeding rate of the millipede Glomeris marginata on holm oak (Quercus ilex) leaf litter under Mediterranean conditions. Pedobiologia 46: 42-52.
Dindal DL (1990) Soil biology guide. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Fisher RF, Binkley D (2000) Ecology and management of forest soils. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Gartner TB, Cardon ZG (2004) Decomposition dynamics in mixed species leaf litter. Oikos 104: 230-246. Gastine A, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Leadley P (2003) No consistent effects of plant diversity on root biomass, soil biota and soil abiotic conditions in temperate grassland communities. Applied Soil Ecology 24: 101-111.
Göl C, Çakır M, Baran A (2010) Comparison of Soil Properties Between Pure and Mixed Uludag Fir (Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmülleriana Mattf.) Stands in Ilgaz Mountain National Park. Ekoloji 19: 33-40. Grossi J L, Brun J J (1997) Effect of climate and plant succession on lumbricid populations in the French Alps. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 29: 329-333.
Hartmann H, Daoust G, Bigué B, Messier C (2010) Negative or positive effects of plantation and intensive forestry on biodiversity: A matter of scale and perspective. The Forestry Chronicle 86: 354-364.
Hedlund K, Santa Regina I, Van der Putten W, Lepš J, Diaz T, Korthals G, Lavorel S, Brown V, Gormsen D, Mortimer S (2003) Plant species diversity, plant biomass and responses of the soil community on abandoned land across Europe: idiosyncracy or above-belowground time lags. Oikos 103: 45-58.
Hill MO, Gauch H (1980) Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique. Plant Ecology 42: 47-58.
Irmak A, Çepel N (1968) Researches on detection in Belgrad Forest is selected in the of beech, oak and black pine stands annual litterfall and thereby the amount of nutrients release to the soil. Journal of Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 18:53-76.
Karaöz MÖ (1989) Some chemical properties of the soil (pH, carbonate, salinity, organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus utilized) analysis methods. Journal of Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 39: 64-82.
Koricheva J, Mulder CPH, Schmid B, Joshi J, Huss-Danell K (2000) Numerical responses of different trophic groups of invertebrates to manipulations of plant diversity in grasslands. Oecologia 125: 271-282.
Lawrence KL, Wise DH (2000) Spider predation on forest-floor Collembola and evidence for indirect effects on decomposition. Pedobiologia 44: 33-39.
Losos JB, Ricklefs RE, MacArthur RH (2010) The theory of island biogeography revisited. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
MacArthur RH, Wilson EO (1967) The theory of island biogeography. Princeton University Press. Materna J (2004) Does forest type and vegetation patchiness influence horizontal distribution of soil Collembola in two neighbouring forest sites? Pedobiologia 48: 339-347.
Milcu A, Partsch S, Scherber C, Weisser WW, Scheu S (2008) Earthworms and legumes control litter decomposition in a plant diversity gradient. Ecology 89: 1872-1882.
Mori K, Bernier N, Kosaki T, Ponge JF (2009) Tree influence on soil biological activity: What can be inferred from the optical examination of humus profiles? European Journal of Soil Biology 45: 290-300.
Murphy P (1962) Progress in Soil Zoology. Butterworths, London.
Naeem S, Thompson LJ, Lawler SP, Lawton JH (1994) Declining biodiversity can alter the performance of ecosystems. Nature 368: 734-737.
Oelmann Y, Wilcke W, Temperton VM, Buchmann N, Roscher C, Schumacher J, Schulze ED, Weisser WW (2007) Soil and plant nitrogen pools as related to plant diversity in an experimental grassland. Soil Science Society of America Journal 71: 720-729.
Ojala R, Huhta V (2001) Dispersal of microarthropods in forest soil. Pedobiologia 45: 443-450.
Ponge JF (2003) Humus forms in terrestrial ecosystems: a framework to biodiversity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 35: 935-945.
Ponge JF, Chevalier R (2006) Humus Index as an indicator of forest stand and soil properties. Forest Ecology and Management 233: 165-175.
Porazinska DL, Bardgett RD, Blaauw MB, Hunt HW, Parsons AN, Seastedt TR, Wall DH (2003) Relationships at the aboveground-belowground interface: plants, soil biota, and soil processes. Ecological Monographs 73: 377-395.
Roscher C, Temperton VM, Scherer Lorenzen M, Schmitz M, Schumacher J, Schmid B, Buchmann N, Weisser WW, Schulze ED (2005) Overyielding in experimental grassland communities–irrespective of species pool or patial scale. Ecology Letters 8: 419-429.
Sabais ACW, Scheu S, Eisenhauer N (2011) Plant species richness drives the density and diversity of Collembola in temperate grassland. Acta Oecologica 37: 195-202.
Sala OE, Chapin III FS, Armesto JJ, Berlow E, Bloomfield J, Dirzo R, Huber-Sanwald E, Huenneke LF, Jackson RB, Kinzig A (2000) Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science 287: 1770-1774.
Salmon S, Artuso N, Frizzera L, Zampedri R (2008) Relationships between soil fauna communities and humus forms: Response to forest dynamics and solar radiation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40: 1707-1715.
Sariyildiz T (2003) Litter decomposition of Picea orientalis, Pinus sylvestris and Castanea sativa trees grown in Artvin in relation to their initial litter quality variables. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 27: 237- 243.
Sevgi O, Makineci E, Karaöz Ö (2011) The Forest Floor and Mineral Soil Carbon Pools of Six Different Forest Tree Species. Ekoloji 81: 8-14.
Shannon C, Weaver W (1949) The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
Spehn EM, Joshi J, Schmid B, Alphei J, Körner C (2000) Plant diversity effects on soil heterotrophic activity in experimental grassland ecosystems. Plant and Soil 224: 217-230.
Ürgenç SI (1998) Plantation technique. Istanbul University Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul.
Vesterdal L, Schmidt IK, Callesen I, Nilsson LO, Gundersen P (2008) Carbon and nitrogen in forest floor and mineral soil under six common European tree species. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 35-48.
Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J, Melillo JM (1997) Human domination of Earth's ecosystems. Science 277: 494-499.
Wardle DA (2002) Communities and ecosystems: linking the aboveground and belowground components. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Wardle DA, Bardgett RD, Klironomos JN, Setälä H, Van Der Putten WH, Wall DH (2004) Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota. Science 304: 1629-1633.
Wardle DA, Bonner KI, Barker GM, Yeates GW, Nicholson KS, Bardgett RD, Watson RN, Ghani A (1999) Plant removals in perennial grassland: vegetation dynamics, decomposers, soil biodiversity, and ecosystem properties. Ecological Monographs 69: 535-568.
Zanella A, Jabiol B, Ponge JF, Sartori G, De Waal R, Van Delft B, Graefe U, Cools N, Katzensteiner K, Hager H (2011) A European morpho-functional classification of humus forms. Geoderma 164: 138-145.
Zanella A, Jabiol B, Ponge J F, Sartori G, De Waal R, Van Delft B, Graefe U, Cools N, Katzentsteiner K, Hager H (2009) Toward a European humus forms reference base. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali 85: 145- 151.

Lokal Endemik Erodium somanum’un Habitat ve Populasyon Özellikleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Dilek OSKAY, Yasin ALTAN

Issue: 95, Pages: 32-39, Year: 2015

DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.05

[Abstract] Full Text: (PDF) [References]

REFERENCES

Akman Y (1999) İklim ve Biyoiklim (Biyoiklim Metotları ve Türkiye İklimleri). Kariyer Matbaacılık, Ankara.
Aldasoro JJ, Navarro C, Vargas P, SaEz LL, Aedo C (2002) California, A New Genus of Geraniaceae Endemic to the Southwest of North America. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 59: 209-216.
Anonymous (1972) Manisa ve İzmir Toprak Kaynağı Envanter Raporları. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarım ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı, Köy Hizmetleri 16. Bölge-Manisa İl Köy Hizmetleri Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Manisa.
Anonymous (2001) International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Categories: Version 3.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission, Cambridge.
Anonymous (2009) Meteroloji Bülteni. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Ankara.
Davis PH (1967) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. II. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Davis PH, Mill RR, Tan K (1988) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. X (Supplement). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Ekim T, Koyuncu M, Vural M, Duman H, Aytaç Z, Adıgüzel N (2000) Türkiye Bitkileri Kırmızı Kitabı. Türkiye Tabiatını Koruma Derneği, Ankara.
El Hadidi MN, Fayed AA, El Naggar SM (1984) Systematic Revision of Erodium (Geraniaceae) in Egypt. Plant Systematics and Evolution 144: 307-314.
Erdogan E, Daskin R, Selvi S, Kaynak G (2007) Morphological, Anatomical and Ecological Studies on Endemic Erodium sibthorpianum Boiss. In: Proceedings of the Plant Biology and Botany Joint Congress, 7- 11 July 2007, Chicago, 290.
Fiz O, Vargas P, Alarcon ML, Aldasoro JJ (2006) Phylogenetic Relationships and Evolution in Erodium (Geraniaceae) Based on trnL-trnF Sequences. Systematic Botany 31: 739-763.
Gaussen H (1954) Théorie et Classification des Climats et des Microclimats du Point de vue Phytogéographique. In: Proceedings of the Le VIII Congrès International de Botanique, 2-14 July 1954, Paris, 125-130.
Gillespie IG (2005) Habitat Characteristics and Distribution of Erodium macrophyllum (Geraniaceae). Madrono 52: 53-59.
Gonzales-Benito E, Martin C, Iriondo JM (1995) Autecology and Conservation of Erodium paularense. Biological Conservation 72: 55-60.
Guittonneau GG (1990) Taxonomy, Ecology and Phylogeny of Genus Erodium L’Her. in the Mediterranean Region. In: Vorster P (ed), Proceedings of the International Geraniaceae Symposium, 24-26 September 1990, Stellenbosch, 71–91.
Gücel S, Seçmen Ö (2008) Reproductive Biology of Subalpin Endemic Minuartia nifensis M.C Neill (Caryophyllaceae) from West Anatolia, Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation 1: 66-74.
Gücel S, Seçmen Ö (2009) Conservation Biology of Asperula daphneola (Rubiaceae) in Western Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 33: 257-262.
Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer KHC (2000) Flora of Turkey and East Eagean Islands, Vol. XI. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Karadağ A (2005) Coğrafi Değerlendirmelerle Soma’da Değişen Çevre Kent ve Kimlik. Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 131, İzmir.
Knuth R (1912) Geraniaceae. In: Engler A (ed), Das Pflanzenreich, IV:129 (53), Engelmann, Leipzig, 1-640. Messing S, Byrne R (1998) Premission Invasion of Erodium cicutarium in California. Journal of Biogeography 25: 757-762.
Seçmen Ö, Güvensen A, Şenol SG, Gücel S (2007) Linum aretioides Boiss.’in Koruma Biyolojisi. TUBITAK Project Final Report, Project No: 104T340, Ankara.
Subaşı Ü (2010) Salvia smyrnaea Boiss. Üzerinde Otoekolojik İncelemeler. MSc. thesis, Ege Univeristy, İzmir.
Takhtajan A (1997) Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press, New York.
Yıldırımlı Ş, Doğru-Koca A (2004) A New Species from Turkey, Erodium aytacii Yıldırımlı and A. Doğru- Koca (Geraniaceae). Ot Sistematik Botanik Dergisi 11: 1-6.

Producing Silage from the Industrial Waste of Fisheries

Kenan GULLU, Senol GUZEL, Rifat TEZEL

Issue: 95, Pages: 40-48, Year: 2015

DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2015.03

[Abstract] Full Text: (PDF) [References]

REFERENCES

Anonymous (1984) Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC.
Anonymous (2010) Fishery statistics. Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara. Anonymous (2012) Fishery statistics. Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara.
Beveridge M (1987) Cage aquaculture. Fishing News Books Ltd., Farnham.
Bligh EG, Dyer JW (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology 37: 911-917.
Borghesi R, Arruda LF, Oetterer M (2008) Fatty acid composition of acid, biological and enzymatic fish silage. Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa de Processamento de Alimentos 26(2): 205-212.
Çaklı Ş, Kılınç B (2004) Kabuklu su ürünleri işleme artıklarının endüstriyel alanda değerlendirilmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi 21(1-2): 145-152.
Disney JG, Tatterson IN, Olley J (1976) Recent developments in fish silage. In: Proceedings of the Conference on the handling, processing and marketing of tropical fish, Ministry of Oversea Development, 5- 9 July 1976, London, 321- 340.
Espejo-Hermes (1998) Fish processing technology in the topics. Waste Management Chapter 17: 272-279.
Fagbenro O, Jauncey K (1995) Water stability, nutrient leaching and nutritional properties of moist fermented fish silage diets. Aquacultural Engineering 14: 143-153.
Güllü K, Güzel Ş (2003) İnci kefali (Chalcalburnus tarichi) silajının pelet yem yapımında kullanımı üzerine bir araştırma. Ekoloji 12(48): 19-23.
Güllü K, Güzel Ş, Güner Y, Tekinay AA (2003) Balık silajı kullanılarak yapılmış pelet yemin gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W., 1792) beslenmesinde kullanımı üzerine bir araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 2 (10): 39-43.
Güllü K (2007) İnci kefali balığı işleme ünitesi-kurulumu ve işletilmesi- projesi sonuç raporu. Avrupa Birliği, Doğu Anadolu Kalkınma Programı, Tarım ve Kırsal Kalkınma Bileşeni, Proje Sonuç Raporu, Van.
Goddard JS, Perret JSM (2005) Co-drying fish silage for use in aquafeeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 118: 337-342.
Goddard JS, Al-Yahyai DSS (2001) Chemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Dried Sardine Silage. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 10(4): 39-50
Hassan TE, Heath JL (1986) Biological fermentation of fish waste for potential use in animal and poultry feeds. Agricultural Wastes 15: 1-15.
Heras H, Mcleod CA, Ackman RG (1994) Atlantic dogfish silage vs. herring silage in diets for atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): growth and sensory evaluation of fillets. Aquaculture 125: 93-106.
Jaswal AS (1989) Methodology investigations for the production of amino acid hydrolysate from shrimp waste. Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal 22(5): 460-463.
Kompiang IP, Arifudin R, Raa J (1980) Nutritional value of ensilage by-catch fish from Indonesian shrimp trawlers. In: Conell JJ (ed.), Advances in Fish Science and Technology, Fishing News Books Ltd., Surrey, 349- 352.
Lovell RT (1978) Practical Fish Diets. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publications, Rome.
Ludorf W, Meyer V (1973) Fische und fischerzeugnisse. Paul Parey Verlag, Berlin.
Mach DT (2009) Utilisation of fish or crab silage protein for cobia (Rachycentron canadum) effects on digestion, amino acid distribution, growth, fillet composition and storage quality. Phd thesis, University of Bergen, Bergen.
New MB (1987) Feed and feeding of fish and shrimp: a manual on the preparation presentation of compound feeds for shrimp and fish in aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publications, Rome.
Omay D, Güvenilir Y (2011) Yemekhane atıklarından fermantasyonla laktik asit üretimi. Ekoloji 20(80): 42-50. Ozdamar K (2011) Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi 1. Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.
Raa J, Gildberg A, Strom T (1983) Silage production -theory and practice. In: Leedward DA, Taylor AJ, Lawrie RA (eds.), Upgrading Waste for Feed and Food, Butterworths, London, 117-132.
Ristic MD, Filipovic SS, Sakac MLJ (2002) Liquid protein feedstuffs from freshwater fish by-products as a component of animal feed. Romanian Biotechnological Letters 7(3): 729-736.
Tatterson IN, Windsor ML (1974) Fish silage. Journal of Science Food Agriculture 25: 369-379.

Search in Ekoloji

Ekoloji Issue 95 (2015)

ABSTRACT

REFERENCES

ABSTRACT

REFERENCES

ABSTRACT

REFERENCES

ABSTRACT

REFERENCES

ABSTRACT

REFERENCES

ABSTRACT

REFERENCES