Detection of Priority Areas for Conservation: A Case Study in the Lesser Caucasus Region
Banu Kaya Ozdemirel
Issue: 93, Pages: 1-7, Year: 2014
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2014.931
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Marxan, a complementarity based area selection software, was used to detect the priority protected areas for the Lesser Caucasus Ecoregion. Six taxonomic groups, endemic and non-endemic highly threatened plants, globally important amphibian and reptiles, butterflies, breeding birds, large mammals, and ecological communities were included in the analysis. Nineteen areas (planning units) were identified as priority protected areas among 336 planning units (UTM grids) of 10 x 10 km. The efficacy of the identified priority areas were measured with species representation. Also, distributions of the priority areas were compared with existing protected area systems of the study area. Results indicated that priority protected areas achieved higher than 70% species representation for taxonomic groups and distributions of priority areas were very consistent with existing protected area systems. The Marxan program produced compact complementary priority protected areas. These priority protected areas provided the maximum species representation for the study area. Moreover, results showed the importance of already existing protected areas and determined the need for new protected areas.
Keywords: area selection, complementarity, marxan, protected areas
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Fahriye Ocal Ozdamar, Rukiye Tipirdamaz, Hayri Duman
Issue: 93, Pages: 8-17, Year: 2014
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2014.932
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Salinity is one of the major environmental constraints on plant growth and productivity. Halophytes, plants capable of growing and reproducing in saline conditions, as a group have several physiological adaptations that facilitate their survival in saline environments. In this study, 12 euhalophyte taxa belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family were studied at Tuz Lake, the third largest natural lake in Turkey. Within the scope of this study, the inorganic ions (Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca+2, and Mg+2), and the glycinebetaine content of the plants and the relationship between the soil properties [% soluble water content, pH, EC, and soluble anions (HCO3-2, and Cl-, SO4-2) and cations (Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2)] were studied at three stations.
Correlations between taxa and soil properties show that the Na+ and Cl- amounts and EC value had a strong positive relationship. For taxa, the glycinebetaine, Na+, and Cl- amounts were very high and that the Na+/K+ ratio was higher than 1 value. Additionally, the glycinebetaine amount of the taxa and the Na+ amount of the soil had a strong positive relationship (p<0.05). Our results recommended that the strong resistance of Chenopodiaceae to natural salt stress might be depended on their key physiological characters such as the Na+, Cl- and glycinebetaine accumulation in the aboveground parts of the plants. The accumulation of salt in the rhizosphere soil positively correlates with the salt tolerance of the plants. Thus, the distribution of plants was effected by the soil salinity and competition.
Keywords: Chenopodiaceae, ecophysiology, glycinebetaine, ion, salinity, Tuz Lake
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Interactive Effects of Increased UV-B and Rainfall on Growth and Physiology of Tibet Barley on the Tibetan Plateau
Zheng Sheng He, Shou Fa Zhan, Shi Lin Wu
Issue: 93, Pages: 18-26, Year: 2014
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2014.933
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
UV-B radiation and rainfall have tended to increase over the past decades in the Tibetan Plateau. A controlled field experiment, which simulated a 5% and 10% increase in UV-B radiation and a 10% and 20% increase in rainfall, was conducted to address the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and increased rainfall on the leaf water potential, gas exchange, growth and biomass allocation, and phenology of Tibetan barley (Hordeum vulgare var. trifurcatum). Enhanced UV-B radiation conferred significant effects on the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency (WUE), total biomass, and spike length; the increased rainfall only affected Pn, E, and gs. These findings indicated that enhanced UV-B radiation had a more profound impact on the physiological and growth traits than the increased rainfall. Significant interactions of enhanced UV-B radiation and increased rainfall were also observed on leaf water potential, Pn, E, gs, WUE, total biomass, spike length, and relative growth rate. The leaf water potential was significantly increased with enhanced UV-B under the condition of a 20% increase in rainfall, Pn and biomass accumulation were also increased with enhanced UV-B under the conditions of increased rainfall, and the phenological stages were also delayed under ambient rainfall, but, this phenomenon disappeared gradually with an increased rainfall. It was therefore inferred that increased rainfall was able to offset the adverse impacts of enhanced UV-B radiation.
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The Effects of Certain Physical and Chemical Variables on the Succession of the Phytoplankton in the Shallow Cagis Pond (Balıkesir, Turkey)
Tugba Ongun Sevindik, Kemal Celik
Issue: 93, Pages: 27-35, Year: 2014
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2014.934
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The effects of certain physical and chemical variables on the phytoplankton succession in the shallow Çağış Pond (Balıkesir, Turkey) were investigated between August 2006 and July 2008. Samples were taken monthly from one sampling station. A total of 93 taxa belonging to 7 divisions were identified, including Chlorophyta (39 taxa), Heterokontophyta (30 taxa), Cyanobacteria (17 taxa), Euglenophyta (2 taxa), Dinophyta (2 taxa), Charophyta (2 taxa) and Cryptophyta (1 taxa). Cyclotella meneghiniana, Microcystis aeruginosa, Microcystis protocystis, Arthrospira platensis, and Micractinium pusillum dominated the phytoplankton at least for one season. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that water temperature, transparency, conductivity, and total dissolved solids had significant effects on the distribution and abundance of the dominant phytoplankton taxa.
Keywords: abundance, Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), physical and chemical parameters, phytoplankton, pond
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İznik Gölü (Bursa/Türkiye) Zooplanktonunun Derinliğe Bağlı Yoğunluğu, Çeşitliliği ve Fizikokimyasal Parametreler ile İlişkileri
Meral Apaydin Yagci, Mustafa Rusen Ustaoglu
Issue: 93, Pages: 36-42, Year: 2014
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2014.935
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study, zooplankton density and diversity with depth was investigated monthly, between January 2006 and December 2006 in the deepest area (Göllüce) of Lake İznik. In addition, the relations of zooplankton species with some physicochemical parameters were analyzed with a CCA (Canonical Correspondance Analysis). According to the CCA, Bosmina longirostris is positive relationship and Daphnia cucullata, Copepoda and Nauplii are negative relationship with conductivity and salinity. Keretella quadrata, Brachionus calyciflorus, Bosmina longirostris, Diaphanosoma lacustris and Cyclops vicinus were dominant species. Shannon’s diversity index ranged from 0.33-0.98. The average total zooplankton abundance ranged from 45.120 ind./m3 (Autumn) to 144.613 ind./m3 (Spring). One-year study period, it was determined that Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda group showed intensively at a depth of 30-50 m, 10-50 m and 10-20 m, respectively in Lake İznik.
Keywords: CCA, Göllüce, Lake İznik, physicochemical parameters, Zooplankton
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Assessing the Water Quality Parameters of the Munzur Spring, Tunceli, Turkey
Mustafa Celiker, Osman Yildiz, Yetis Bulent Sonmezer
Issue: 93, Pages: 43-49, Year: 2014
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2014.936
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
This study presents an analysis of the temporal variations in the upstream water quality parameters of the Munzur Spring. For this purpose, the spring water quality was monitored from 2007 to 2009 at different time periods. There were 5 water samples taken from 2008 to 2009 for hydrochemical and biological analyses, while 6 water samples were gathered between 2007 and 2009 for heavy metal analysis. The analysis results reveal that the water quality parameters were found to be in good agreement with the drinking water standards of Anonymous (1993) and Anonymous (2005). It was seen that the upstream source of the Munzur spring is periodically characterized by Ca+2 - Mg+2 - HCO3- and Ca+2 - Cl- - HCO3- facies according to Anonymous (1978), and CaCO3 and CaCl2 facies according to Back (1960, 1966). The results of a tritium analysis indicated that the spring is recharged by daily precipitations. The spring water was also found suitable for irrigation purposes based on Wilcox and US salinity diagrams.
Keywords: facies, heavy metals, hydrochemical parameters, Munzur Spring, water quality
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Effect of Modified Bitumen with CR-10 and CR-15 on the Performance of Asphalt Concrete
Arzu Er, Murat Karacasu
Issue: 93, Pages: 50-56, Year: 2014
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2014.937
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Asphalt concrete has an extensive application field in road construction. Studies aiming to increase the performance of asphalt concrete have gained importance since the cost of road construction is quite high and resources are limited. On the other hand, researchers have inclined to use various wastes in asphalt concrete since the wastes from houses and industrial production has increased all over the world and the storage areas for these wastes are inadequate. The use of various wastes in asphalt concrete has become important since obtaining aggregate in good quality becomes difficult and bitumen cost has risen. In recent years, studies have increased progressively in relation to recycling of wastes and to increasing asphalt concrete performance with superstructure layers which are less in thickness. In this study, the experimental results have been summarized in relation to the use of modified bitumen in asphalt concrete, which are CR-10 and CR-15 and contain specially-treated tires. The elastic recovery rate of the modified bitumen from waste is 10 times more than normal bitumen. The penetration and softening point values of the modified bitumen’s CR-10 and CR-15 are higher than that of others. In addition, these products have a very low heat loss; therefore it can be possible to make castings in cold weather conditions. The behavior of asphalt concretes under repeated loads was investigated and asphalt concretes produced with CR-10 and CR-15 modified bitumen’s have proven to be longer lasting. In this way, using waste tires as a modifier in the bitumen not only improve the performance characteristics of the asphalt concrete but also help to reduce environmental pollution.
Keywords: asphalt concrete, crumb rubber, environmental pollution, permanent deformation, waste
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