Role of Dormancy Regulating Chemicals in Alleviating the Seed Germination of Three Playa Halophytes
Muhammad Zaheer AHMED, Salman GULZAR, M. Ajmal KHAN
Issue: 92, Pages: 1-8, Year: 2014
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2014.921
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The effects of dormancy regulating chemicals [nitrate, thiourea, proline, kinetin and gibberellin (GA3)] were tested on the seed germination of three salt playa halophytes, Halogeton glomeratus, Lepidium latifolium, and Peganum harmala under various salinity treatments (0 to 400 mM NaCl) and photoperiod regimes (12/12 h light/dark and 24 h dark). More than 80% of all seed species germinate under non-saline conditions in a 12/12 h light/dark photoperiod. However, there was a progressive increase in the enforced dormancy with an increase in salinity treatments. Thiourea substantially improved seed germination and the rate of germination of all test species under saline conditions. Kinetin partially alleviated the salinity effect on the seed germination of H. glomeratus and P. harmala but not for L. latifolium. GA3 substantially improved the seed germination in L. latifolium. Nitrate and proline had no effect under saline conditions. Seed germination was completely inhibited in L. latifolium, partially in P. harmala, but had no effect on H. glomeratus seeds when germinated in the dark. GA3 alleviated dark inhibition in the order: L. latifolium > P. harmala > H. glomeratus. Species specific responses to GA3 and kinetin and environmentally mediated responses of thiourea appear to influence the seed germination of the salt playa species.
Keywords: Dormancy, Gibberellin, Kinetin, Nitrate, Playa halophytes, Proline, Salinity, and Thiourea
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In vivo Genotoxicity of Four Synthetic Pyrethroids with Combinations of Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO) Using the Drosophila SMART Assay
Esref Demir, Bulent Kaya, Serap Kocaoglu Cenkci, Huseyin Cetin, Ricard MARCOS
Issue: 92, Pages: 9-18, Year: 2014
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2014.922
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study, the genotoxic effects of four synthetic pyrethroids (cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin) alone and their combinations with different rates of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) were studied using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) of the Drosophila melanogaster. In the first stage, lethal concentration values (LC25 or LC50) of the synthetic pyrethroids and concentrations of PBO used for the synthetic pyrethroids were determined. Then, Drosophila larvae were exposed to lethal concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids and combinations with different rates of PBO (1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:0.75, 1:1, and 1:2). According to the obtained results, alone and with the PBO of the mixtures of the four synthetic pyrethroids are not genotoxic when compared with the negative control. In addition, the PBO when used alone demonstrated negative results when exposed to 1, 5, and 25 ppm concentrations, while demonstrating positive result when exposed to 50 ppm concentration. However, the PBO did not show any co-genotoxic activity with the four tested synthetic pyrethroids. Results of this study will take an important place in human and environmental health with the new results for the PBO ratios in insecticide formulations.
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Phytosociological Features of Cicek Mountain and Environs (Isparta, Turkey)
Coskun Saglam
Issue: 92, Pages: 19-37, Year: 2014
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2014.923
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study, the phytosociological features on the Çiçek Mountain (Isparta province) were investigated. The vegetation of the area was analyzed using a 3-dimensional ordination technique based on the Braun- Blanquet method. Six plant associations were determined belonging to forest, steppe, and rock vegetation and classified syntaxonomically. The identified associations were examined from the nomenclatural, floristical, ecological, and chorological point of view. Associations and its higher units are as follows: Quercetea-Pubescentis Doing-Kraft ex Scamoni & Passarage 1959
Querco-Cedretalia libani Barbéro, Loisel & Quézel 1974
Abieto-Cedrion Akman, Barbéro & Quézel 1977
Querco vulcanicae-Cedretum libani ass. nova
Adenocarpo complicatii-Pinetum nigrae Serin, 1996
Tilio platyphylli-Abietum isauricae ass. nova
Asphodelino anatolicae-Juniperetum excelsae ass. nova
Astragalo-Brometea Quézel 1973 em. Parolly
Onobrychido armenae-Thymetalia leucostomi Akman, Ketenoğlu, Quézel & Demirörs 1984
Phlomido armeniacae-Astragalion microcephali Ketenoğlu, Akman, Quézel & Demirörs 1984
Tanaceto cadmei-Brometum tomentelli ass. nova
Asplenietea trichomanis (Br.-Bl. in Meier et Br.-Bl. 1934) corr. Oberd. 1977
Silenetalia odontopetalae Quézel 1973
Silenion odontopetalae Quézel 1973
Valeriano oliganthae-Centauretum mucroniferae ass. nova
Keywords: Cicek Mountain, Isparta, synecology, syntaxonomy, Turkey
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Common Failures of the Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems (Constructed Wetlands) of Kayseri, Turkey
Zeki Gokalp, Oguzhan Uzun, Yilmaz Calis
Issue: 92, Pages: 38-44, Year: 2014
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2014.924
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Continuously polluted waters, decreasing water resources due to global warming and climate chance, and increasing labor and energy costs brought water and treatment technologies to first place on the world’s agenda. Despite the continuously increasing environmental awareness and legal regulations against environmental pollution, domestic and industrial wastewaters are discharged into the nearest receiving water bodies without any treatment. Haphazard disposal of wastes into the environment and untreated wastewater discharged into rivers and streams pollute air, water, and soil and create a danger for human, animal, and plant health. All these wastes should be treated before their disposal and discharge to leave a healthier and cleaner environment for future generations. The constructed wetlands, defined also as natural treatment systems, are the systems emulating the natural wetland systems. They are commonly used for treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater in specially designed basins with aquatic plants and can easily be used for small-to-medium sized communities. There are 51 constructed wetlands in the Kayseri Province of Turkey and more than three-fourths have some kind of structural failure and are not operating properly. In this study, all of these constructed wetlands were investigated with regard to improper design aspects and possible failures. The common failures were identified as improper design, construction and site selection, substrate clogging and consequent (poundings), insufficient plantation, leakage through slopes, and lack of post-construction operation, monitoring, and maintenance activities. The reasons for such failures and possible corrective measures are also proposed in this study.
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Gulcin Ulas, Binnur MERICLI YAPICI, Ali Nail Yapici
Issue: 92, Pages: 45-50, Year: 2014
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2014.925
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of eight different commercial vegetable tanning extracts used in the leather industry against bacterial and fungal isolates from tannery processes such as beamhouse, tanning, and post-tanning processes. Two different concentrations (1% and 5%) of these extracts were used in order to determine their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assessed by the disc diffusion method. Nutrient Agar and Malt Extract Agar were used for growing the bacterial and fungal isolates respectively, each containing 0%, 5%, and 10% NaCl. It was observed that all of the extracts were more effective against the bacterial isolates than the fungal isolates. It was also seen that extracts IV, VII, and II were more effective against bacterial isolates growing on 0%, 5%, and 10% NaCl Nutrient Agar plates, respectively. Extracts I and II were found to be more effective against the fungal isolates growing on the Malt Extract Agar plates containing 10% NaCl, while no extracts had any antifungal effect on the NaCl-free and 5% NaCl plates.
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Pyrolysis of Hyperaccumulator Plants Used for the Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Soil
Aysun Ozkan, Mufide Banar, Zerrin Cokaygil, Alev Kulac, Gulser Yalcin, Kadriye Taspinar, Abdullah Altay
Issue: 92, Pages: 51-56, Year: 2014
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2014.926
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
This study focuses on the phytoremediation of lead (Pb) contaminated soil by hyperaccumulator plants. In this study, pyrolysis was utilized for the stabilization of Pb into a solid product. In the first stage of the study, three types of phytoremediation plants were used, rape (Brassica napus), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and corn (Zea mays). Their seeds were sown in simulated soils prepared with the addition of Pb compounds in a laboratory. The effect of chelate on the remediation capacity of the plants was investigated by the addition of EDTA in different concentrations. In this way, the transportation of Pb from the contaminated soils to the plants was examined. In the second stage, the initial plant compositions were determined by elemental analysis (C, H, N, and S), as well as a moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon analysis. The contaminated hyperaccumulator plants were pyrolyzed at 500°C, with a heating rate of 35° C/min, in a fixed bed stainless steel (380 S) 240 cm3 reactor. After pyrolysis, the Pb contents of the solid and liquid products were determined. A Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) analysis was also utilized for the solid product. In this study, high phytoremediation efficiencies were observed for the phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil using sunflower, corn, and rape, especially in the case of the chelate addition. Of the three plants, the best Pb removal efficiency (92%) from the soil was obtained with the rape. According to the pyrolysis results, the highest yields of liquid and solid products were obtained from the sunflower with gas products being obtained from the corn pyrolysis.
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