Road Effect on the Breeding Success and Nest Characteristics of the Eurasian Magpie (Pica pica)
Elif Yamac, Cihan Kirazli
Issue: 83, Pages: 1-10, Year: 2012
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2012.831
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
It is known that roads have an ecological effect on wildlife, not only in negative but also in positive ways. Few studies provide information about the effect that roads have on bird population levels. In this study, we investigate the effect of roads on the breeding success, nest tree, and nest characteristics of the Eurasian Magpie (Pica pica). We compared the magpie breeding success of nesting along a paved highway with those along a dirt road. In addition, the nest and nest tree characteristics were measured for the two road types. We found that breeding success is significantly higher near highway than dirt road and that nests were wider and larger near dirt road than those near highway. According to our results, the magpie is positively affected by the highway. This may be explained by food supply and, more likely, by lower predator pressure.
Keywords: breeding success, Eurasian Magpie, nest characteristics, Pica pica, road effect
REFERENCES
- Anonymous (2010) Motorways and state roads traffic flow map for 2009. http://www.kgm.gov.tr. (Accessed 15 May 2011)
- Antonov A, Atanasova D (2002) Nest-site selection in the magpie Pica pica in a high density urban population of Sofia (Bulgaria). Acta Ornithologica 37: 55-66.
- Antonov A, Atanasova D (2003) Small-scale differences in the breeding ecology of urban and rural Magpies Pica pica. Ornis Fennica 80: 21-30.
- Baeyens G (1981) Magpie breeding success and carrion crow interference. Ardea 69:125–139.
- Bélisle M, St Clair CC (2001) Cumulative effects of barriers on the movements of forest birds. Conservation Ecology 5 (2): 9.
- Chalfoun AD, Martin TE (2007) Latitudinal variation in avian incubation attentiveness and a test of the food limitation hypothesis. Animal Behavior 73: 579-585.
- Chamberlain DE, Cannon AR, Toms MP, Leech DI Hatchwell BJ, Gaston KJ (2009) Avian productivity in urban landscapes: A review and meta-analysis. Ibis 151: 1-18.
- Chandler RB, Strong AM, Kaufman CC (2004) Elevated lead levels in urban house sparrows: A threat to sharp-shinned hawks and merlins? Journal Raptor Research 38: 62-68.
- Clergeau P, Croci S, Jokimaki J, Kaisanlahti-Jokimaki M L, Dinetti M (2006) Avifauna homogenisation by urbanisation: analysis at different European latitudes. Biological Conservation 127: 336-344.
- Cramp S (1998) Cramp’s the complete birds of the Western palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- Dean WRJ, Milton S (2003) The importance of roads and road verges for raptors and crows in the Succulent and Nama-Karoo, South Africa. Ostrich 74: 181–186.
- De Heij ME, van der Graaf AJ, Hafner D, Tinbergen JM (2007) Metabolic rate of nocturnal incubation in female Great Tits, Parus major, in relation to clutch size measured in a natural environment. The Journal of Experimental Biology 210: 2006-2012.
- de Molenaar JG, Sanders ME, Jonkers DA (2006) Ch 6. Roadway lighting and grassland birds: local influence of road lighting on a Black-tailed Godwit population. In: Rich C Longcore T (ed): Ecological consequences of artificial night lighting, Island Press, Washington, 114-136.
- de Neve L, Soler JJ, Soler M, Pérez-Contreras T (2004) Nest size predicts the effect of food supplementation to magpie nestlings on their immunocompetence: an experimental test of nest size indicating parental ability. Behavioral Ecology 15: 1031–1036.
- Del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Christie D (2009) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
- Demirayak A, Kutbay HG, Kilic D, Bilgin A, Huseyinova R (2011) Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Natural and Exotic Plants in Samsun City. Ekoloji 20 (79): 1-11.
- Ditchkoff SS, Saalfeld ST, Gibson CJ (2006) Animal behavior in urban ecosystems: Modifications due to human-induced stres. Urban Ecosystem 9: 5-12.
- Dogan Y, Ugulu I, Baslar S (2010) Turkish Red Pine as a biomonitor: a comparative study of the accumulation of trace elements in the needles and bark. Ekoloji 19: (75) 88-96.
- Eden SF (1985) The comparative breeding biology of Magpies Pica pica in urban and a rural habitat (Aves: Corvidae). Journal of Zoology 205: 325-334.
- Eggers S, Griesser M, Ekman J (2005) Predator-induced plasticity in nest visitation rates in the Siberian jay (Perisoreus infaustus). Behavioral Ecology 16: 309–315.
- Eggers S, Griesser M, Nystrand M, Ekman J (2006) Predation risk induces changes in nest-site selection and clutch size in Siberian jays. Proceedings of the Royal Society London Biological Science 273: 701-706.
- Eggers S, Griesser M, Ekman J (2008) Predator-induced reductions in nest visitation rates are modified by forest cover and food availability. Behavioral Ecology 19: 1056–1062.
- Erickson W P, Johnson GD, Young Jr DP (2005) A summary and comparison of bird mortality from anthropogenic causes with an emphasis on collisions. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PSW- GTR-191: 1-14.
- Erritzoe J, Mazgajski TD, Rejt L (2003) Bird casualties on European roads: a review. Acta Ornithologica 38: 77-93.
- Evans KL, Bradbury RB, Wilson JD (2003) Selection of hedgerows by swallows Hirundo rustica foraging on farmland: the influence of local habitat andweather. Bird Study 50: 8–14.
- Fahrig L, Rytwinski T (2009) Effects of roads on animal abundance: an empirical review and synthesis. Ecology and Society 14(1): 21.
- Fargallo JA, De León A, Potti J (2001) Nest-maintenance effort and health status in chinstrap penguins Pygoscelis antarctica: the functional significance of stone provisioning behaviour. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 50:141-150.
- Fetisov SA (1990) On the death of birds on the motor patch of the Pskov region. Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta. Biologiia 20: 26.
- Forman R, Alexander LE (1998) Roads and their major ecological effects. The Annual Review of Ecology 29: 207-231.
- Forman RTT (2000) Estimate of area affected ecologically by the road system in the United States. Conservation Biology 14(1): 31-35.
- Forman RTT, Deblinger RD (2000) The ecological road-effect zone of a Massachusetts (USA) suburban highway. Conservation Biology 14: 36-46.
- Forman RTT, Reineking B, Hersperger AM (2002) Road traffic and nearby grassland bird patterns in a suburbanizing landscape. Environmental Management 29: 782-800.
- Forman RTT, Sperling DJ, Bissonette A (2003) Road ecology: science and solutions. Island Press, Washington.
- Ford AT, Fahrig L (2008) Movement patterns of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) near roads. Journal of Mammalogy 89: 895-903.
- François C, Alexandre L, Julliard R (2008) Effects of landscape urbanization on magpie occupancy dynamics in France. Landscape Ecology 23: 527-538.
- Gaston KJ, Warren PH, Thompson K, Smith RM (2005) Urban domestic gardens (IV): the extent of the resource and its associated features. Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 3327-3349.
- Harrison C, Castell P (2002) Bird nests, eggs and nestlings of Britain and Europe with North Africa and the Middle East. Harper Collins, London.
- Hill D (1990) The impact of noise and artificial light on waterfowl behaviour: a review and synthesis of available literature. BTO Research Report 61, British Trust for Ornithology, Norfolk.
- Holm TE, Laursen K (2011) Car traffic along hedgerows affects breeding success of Great Tits Parus major. Bird Study 58 (4): 512-515.
- Jerzak L (2001) Synurbanization of the Magpie in the Palearctic. In: Marzluff JM, Bowman R, Donnelly R (eds) Avian ecology and conservation in an urbanizing world, Kluwer Academic, Norwell, 403-426.
- Kociolek AV, Clevenger AP, St Clair CC, Proppe DS (2011) Effects of road networks on bird populations. Conservation Biology 25 (2):241-249.
- Kristan WB, Boarman WI, Crayon JJ (2004) Diet composition of common ravens across the urban- wildland interface of the West Mojave Desert. Wildlife Society Bulletin 32 (1): 244–253.
- Kristan WB, Boarman WI (2007) Effects of anthropogenic developments on common raven nesting biology in the West Mojave Desert. Ecological Applications 17: 1703-1713.
- Kryštofková M, Fousová P, Exnerová A (2011) Nestling diet of the Common Magpie (Pica pica) in urban and agricultural habitats. Ornis Fennica 88: 138-146.
- Lambertucci SA, Speziale KL, Rogers TE, Morales JM (2009) How do roads affect the habitat use of an assemblage of scavenging raptors? Biodiversity Conservation 18: 2063-2074.
- Leech SM, Leonard ML (1997) Begging and the risk of predation in nestling birds. Behavioral Ecology 8: 644-646.
- Lima SL (1998) Nonlethal effects in the ecology of predatoreprey interactions: what are the ecological effects of anti-predator decision making? Bioscience 48: 25-34.
- McGregor RL, Bender DJ, Fahrig L (2008) Do small mammals avoid roads because of the traffic? Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 117-123.
- Moreno-Rueda G (2007) Is there empirical evidence for the cost of begging? Journal of Ethology 25: 215- 222.
- Mumme RL, Schoech SJ, Woolfenden GW, Fitzpatrick JW (2000) Life and death in the fast lane: demographic consequences of road mortality in the Florida scrub-jay. Conservation Biology 14: 501-512.
- Orlowski G (2008) Roadside hedgerows and trees as factors increasing road mortality of birds: implications for management of roadside vegetation in rural landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning 86: 153-161.
- Palomino D, Carrascal LM (2007) Threshold distances to nearby cities and roads influence the bird community of a mosaic landscape. Biological Conservation 140: 100-109.
- Partecke J, Schwabl I, Gwinner E (2006) Stress and the city: Urbanization and its effects on the stress physiology in European blackbirds. Ecology 87: 1945-1952.
- Peris SJ, Pescador M (2004) Effects of traffic noise on paserine populations in Mediterranean wooded pastures. Applied Acoustics 65: 357-366.
- Quader S (2006) What makes a good nest? Benefits of nest choice to female Baya Weavers (Ploceus philippinus). Auk 123: 475-486.
- Quesada J (2007) The different roles of the roof density and nest size in the Iberian magpie nest. Acta Ethologica10(1): 41-45.
- Ramsden DJ (2003) Barn owls and major roads: results and recommendations from a 15-year research project. Barn Owl Trust, Ashburton.
- Rastogi AD, Zanette L, Clinchy M (2006) Food availability affects diurnal nest predation and adult antipredator behaviour in song sparrows, Melospiza melodia. Animal Behavior 72: 933-940.
- Reale JA, Blair RB (2005) Nesting success and life-history attributes of bird communities along an urbanization gradient. Urban Habitats 3 (1): 1–24.
- Reijnen R, Foppen R, Terbraak C, Thissen J (1995) The effects of car traffic on breeding bird populations in woodland. 3. Reduction of density in relation to proximity of the main roads. Journal Applied Ecology 32: 187-202.
- Reijnen R, Foppen R, Meeuwsen H (1996) The effects of traffic on the density of breeding birds in Dutch agricultural grasslands. Biological Conservation 75: 255-260.
- Reijnen R, Foppen R (2006) Impact of road traffic on breeding bird populations. In: Davenport J, Davenport JL (eds) The ecology of transportation: managing mobility for the environment, Springer, Amsterdam, 255-274.
- Redondo T, Castro F (1992) The increase in risk of predation with begging activity in broods of magpies Pica pica. Ibis 134: 180-187.
- Rodewald A, Kearns L, Shustack D (2011) Anthropogenic resource subsidies decouple predator-prey relationships. Ecological Applications 21 (3): 936-943.
- Roedenbeck IA, Fahrig L, Findlay CS, Houlahan JE, Jaeger JAG, Klar N, Kramer-Schadt S, van der Grift EA (2007) The Rauischholzhausen agenda for road ecology. Ecology and Society 12 (1): 11.
- Slabberkoorn H, Ripmeester EAP (2008) Bird song and anthropogenic noise: implications and applications for conservation. Molecular Ecology 17: 72-83.
- Schoech SJ, Bowman R (2001) Variation in the timing of breeding between suburban and wildland Florida scrub-jays: Do physiologic measures reflect different environments? In: Marzluff JM, Bowman R, Donnelly RE (eds.), Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World, Kluwer Academic Publications, Boston, 289-306.
- Soler JJ, Soler M, Møller AP, Martinez JG (1995) Does the great spotted Cuckoo choose magpie hosts according to their parenting ability? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 36: 201-206.
- Soler JJ, de Neve L, Martinez JG, Soler M (2001) Nest size affects clutch size and the start of incubation in magpies: an experimental study. Behavioral Ecology 12: 301-307.
- Wang Y, Shuihua C, Jiang P, Ding P (2008) Black-billed Magpies (Pica pica) adjust nest characteristics to adapt to urbanization in Hangzhou, China. Canadian Journal of Zoology 86: 676-684.
- Wang Y, Chen S, Blair RB, Pingping J, Ding P (2009) Nest composition adjustments by Chinese Bulbuls Pycnonotus sinensis in an urbanized landscape of Hangzhou (E China). Acta Ornithologica 44 (2): 185-192.
- Ward S (1996) Energy expenditure of female Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica during egg formation. Physiological Zoology 69: 930-951.
- Zanette L, Clinchy M, Smith JNM (2006) Combined food and predator effects on songbird nest survival and annual reproductive success: results from a bi-factorial experiment. Oecologia 147: 632-640
Geochemical and Statistical Approach for Assessing Heavy Metal Accumulation in the Southern Black Sea Sediments
Ebru Yesim Ozkan, Baha Buyukisik
Issue: 83, Pages: 11-24, Year: 2012
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2012.832
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The assessment of heavy metal pollution in the sediment of the Southern Black Sea requires knowledge of pre-anthropogenic metal concentrations. The effects of anthropogenic activities on the accumulation of heavy metals, elements, and other compounds in the sediment were examined. The objective of this study is to investigate the levels of metals, organic carbon, carbonate, and chlorophyll degradation products in order to assess the extent of environmental pollution and to discuss the origin of these contaminants in the sediments of the Southern Black Sea. The heavy metals, metalloid, and elements were assessed by factor analysis. The results of the factor analysis have shown positive and/or negative correlations among Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, As, Sr, Cd, Sb, Bi, V, Ca, P, Cr, Mg, Ba, Ti, Zr, Sn, S, Y, Hg, organic carbon, carbonate, and chlorophyll degradation products and has indicated that heavy metals in the sediments of the Southern Black Sea have different anthropogenic and natural sources. Also, a sediment pollution assessment was carried out using the enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index. The Igeo accumulation index shows that the surface sediment of the Southern Black Sea is not contaminated with respect to Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe, As, Sr, Bi, V, Cr, Mg, Zr, Y, Sb, Sn, and Ni, but is moderately contaminated with respect to Hg and Cd, and moderately to strongly polluted with respect to S and Mo. Despite total sedimentary concentrations above their pre-industrial background levels, Igeo shows that the surface sediments are unpolluted with respect to P, Ba, and Ti. The 14C age determinations have shown that surface sediments in stations KD2A and KD5A belong to AD 130-350 and AD 1000 respectively, indicating undersea landslides and turbidity fluxes in the Southern Black Sea are not rare because of the sharp slope in the topography of this region and high bottom transportation in certain places. The requirement of age determination is of great importance to assess the extent of the anthropogenic contribution to pollution.
Keywords: enrichment factor, factor analysis, geoaccumulation index, metal pollution, sediment
REFERENCES
- Abrahim MS, Parker RJ (2008) Assessment of heavy metal enrihment factors and degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 136: 227-238.
- Aksu AE, Yasar D, Uslu O (1998) Assessment of pollution in Izmir Bay- heavy metal and organic compound concentrations in surficial sediments. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Anvironmental Sciences 22: 387-415.
- Alloway BJ (1990) Heavy Metals in soils. John Wiley and Sons, Glasgow.
- Al-Masri MS, Aba A, Khalil H, Al-Hares Z (2002) Sedimentation rates and pollution history of a dried lake: Al-Qteibeh Lake. Science of the Total Environment 293 (1-3): 177-189.
- Alp MT, Sen B, Ozbay O (2011) Heavy metal levels in Cladophora glomenato which seasonally occurence in the Lake of Hazar. Ekoloji 20 (78): 13-17.
- Altas L, Buyukgungor H (2007) Heavy metal pollution in the Black Sea shore and offshore of Turkey. Environmental Geology 52: 469-476.
- Ameh EG, Kolawole MS, Imeokparia EG (2011) Using factor-cluster analysis and enrichment methods to avaluate impact of cement production on stream sediments around Obajana cement factory in kogi state, North Central Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research 2 (1): 76-89.
- Anonymous (1979) Principles and guidelines for the discharge of wastes into the marine environment. World Health Organization (WHO), Reginal Office for Europe, Copenhagen.
- Atgin RS, El-Agha O, Zararsiz A, Kocatas A, Parlak H, Tuncel G (2000) Investigation of the sediment pollution in Izmir bay: trace elements. Spectrochimica Acta- Part B. 55(7): 1151-1164.
- Bakan G, Buyukgungor H (2000) The Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41: 24-43.
- Bakan G, Ozkoc BH (2007) An ecological risk assessment of the impact of heavy metals in surface sediments on biota from the mid-Black Sea coast of Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Studies 64 (1): 45-57.
- Bat L, Raffaelli D (1998) Sediment toxicity testing: a bioassay approach using the amphipod Corophium volutator and the polychaete Arenicola marina. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 226: 217- 239.
- Bat L (2005) A review of sediment toxicity bioassays using the amphipods and polychaetes. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 5: 119-139.
- Bat L, Gokkurt O, Sezgin M, Ustun F, Sahin F (2009) Evaluation of the Black Sea land based sources of pollution the coastal region of Turkey. The Open Marine Biology Journal 3: 112-124.
- Besiktepe S, Lazano CS, Robinson AR (2001) On the summer mesoscale variability of the Black Sea. Journal of Marine Research 59 (4): 475.
- Bonnevie NL, Huntley SL, Found BW, Wenning R J (1994) Trace metal contamination in surface sediments from Newark Bay, New Jersey. Science of the Total Environment 144 (1): 1-16.
- Boran M, Altinok I (2010) A Review of heavy metals in water, sediment and living organisms in the Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 10: 565-572.
- Danovaro R (2003) Pollution threats in the Mediterranean Sea: an overview. Chemistry and Ecology 19 (1): 15-32.
- Emelyanov EM, Shimkus KM, Kuprin PN (2005) Explanatory notes to the IBCM-SED map series Unconsolidated Sediments of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. In: Hall JK, Krashenninkov VA, Hirsch F, Benjamini C, Flexer A (eds.), Geological Framework of the Levant Vol. II: The Levantine Basin and Israel, Historical Productions-Hall, Jerusalem, 183-214.
- Ergül HA, Topçuoglu S, Ölmez E, Kırbaşoğlu Ç (2008) Heavy metals in sinking particles and bottom sediments from the eastern Turkish coast of the Black Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 78: 396-402.
- Forstner U, Wittmann GTW (1983) Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
- Gaudette HE, Fligh WR, Tonner L, Folger DW (1974) An inexpensive titration method for the determination of organic carbon in recent sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 44: 249-253.
- Gaur VK, Sanjay KG, Pandey SD, Gopal K, Mısra V (2005) Distribution of heavy metals in sediment and water of River Gomti. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 102: 419-433.
- Ghrefat H, Yusuf N (2006) Assessing Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Cd pollution in bottom sediments of Wadi Al- Arab Dam, Jordan. Chemosphere 65: 2114-2121.
- Goldschmidt VM (1937) The principles of chemical elements in minerals and rocks. Journal of Chemical Society 1: 655-673.
- Guo L, Santschi PH (1997a) Composition and cycling of colloids in marine environments. Reviews of Geophysics 35: 17-40.
- Guo L, Santschi PH (1997b) Isotopic and elemental characterization of colloidal organic matter from the Chesapeake Bay and Galveston Bay. Marine Chemistry 59: 1-15.
- Harikumar PS, Nasir UP, Mujeebu RMP (2009) Distribution of heavy metals in the core sediments of a tropical wetland system. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 6 (2): 225-232.
- Hart B (1982) Uptake of trace metals by sediments ans suspended particulates : A review. Hydrobiologia 91 (1): 299-313.
- Honeyman BD, Santschi PH (1989) A Brownianpumping model for oceanic trace metal scavenging: Evidencefrom Th isotopes. Journal of Marine Research 47: 951-992.
- Ivanov L, Beverton RJH (1985) The fisheries resources of the Mediterranean, Part two: Black Sea. General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
- Jonathan MP, Ram-Mohan V (2003) Heavy metals in sediments of the inner shelf off the Gulf of Mannar, southeast coast of India. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46 (2): 258-268.
- Kemp WM, Sampou PA, Garber J, Tuttle J, Boynton WR (1992) Seasonal depletion of oxygen from bottom waters of Chesapeake Bay: relative roles of benthic and planktonic respiration and physical exchange processes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 85: 137-152.
- Kruopiene J (2007) Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Nemunas River (Lithuania). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 16 (5): 715-722.
- Lorenzen CJ (1971) Chlorophyll-degradation products in sediments of Black Sea. WoodsHole Oceanographic Institution Collected Reprints, Contribution No. 2828: 426-428.
- Martin DF (1972) Marine Chemistry, Vol. 1. Analytical Methods. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.
- Mee LD (1992) The Black Sea in Crisis: A Need for Concerted International Action. Ambio 21: 278-286. Moore F, Attar A (2011) Anthropogenic sources of heavy metals in deposited sediments from runoff and industrial effluents. In: Baby S, Dan Y (eds), Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology IPCBEE Vol: 6, 26-28 February 2011, Singapore, 215-219.
- Murray JW, Jannasch HW, Honjo S, Anderson RF, Reeburgh WS, Top Z, Friedrich GE, Codispotil A, Izdar E (1989) Unexpected changes in the oxic/anoxic interface in the Black Sea. Nature 338 (6214): 411-413.
- Müller G (1969) Index of geoaccumulation in the sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal 2: 108-118. Müller G, Stoffers P (1974) Minerology and petrology of Black Sea basin sediments. In: Degens ET, Ross DA (eds), The Black Sea Geology, Chemistry and Biology, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, Tulsa, 20: 201-248.
- O'Connor DJ, Connolly JP (1980) The effect of concentration of adsorbing solids on the partition coefficient. Water Research 14: 1517-1523.
- Özseker K, Erüz C (2011) Heavy Metal (Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn) distribution in sediments from the coast of Trabzon in the Black Sea. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences 40 (1): 48-54.
- Pekey H (2006) The distribution and sources of heavy metals in Izmit Bay surface sediments affected by a polluted stream. Marine Pollution bulletin 52: 1197-1208.
- Perin G, Bonardi M, Fabris R, Simoncini B, Manente S, Tosi L, Scotto S (1997) Heavy metal pollution in central Venice Lagoon bottom sediments: evaluation of the metal bioavailability by geochemical speciation procedure. Environmental Technology 18: 593-604.
- Petruk W (1964) Determination of the heavy atom content I chlorite by means of the x-ray diffractometer. American Minerologist 49: 61-71.
- Quyang Y, Higman J, Thompson J, O'Toole T, Campbell D (2002) Characterization and spatial distribution of heavy metals in sediment from Cedar and Ortega Rivers subbasin. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 54: 19-35.
- Sancar Ü (2002) Depositional conditions of the holocene sapropel in the Black Sea. M.Sc Thesis, İstanbul Technical University, Istanbul.
- Santschi PH, Lenhart J, Honeyman BD (1997) Heterogeneous processes affecting trace contaminant distribution in estuaries: The role of natural organic matter. Marine Chemistry 58: 99-125.
- Secrieru D, Gomoiu MT, Oaie G (2006) Marine environmental assessment of the Northwestern Black Sea area. Geosciences 2006 (Abstract volume): 288-291.
- Seshan BRR, Natesan U, Deepthi K (2010) Geochemical and statistical approach for evaluation of heavy metal pollution in core sediments in southeast coast of India. International journal of Environmental Science and Technology 7(2): 291-306.
- Spencer KL, MacLeod CL (2002) Distribution and partitioning of heavy metals in estuarine sediment cores and implications for the use of sediment quality standards. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 6 (6): 989- 998.
- Stoffers P, Glasby GP, Wilson CJ, Davis KR, Watter P (1986) Heavy metal pollution in Wellington Harbour. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 20: 495-512.
- Tuncer G, Karakas T, Gokcay C, Aygun S, Yurteri C, Tuncel G (1998) Land-based sources of pollution along the Black Sea coast of Turkey: concentrations and annual loads to the Black Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 36: 409-423.
- Troup BN, Bricker OP, Bray JT (1974) Oxidation effect on the analysis of iron in the interstitial water of recent anoxic sediments. Nature 249: 237-239.
- Ustun GE (2011) The Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Waters of the Nilufer Stream in Bursa. Ekoloji 20 (81): 61-66.
- Wen LS, Santschi PH, Tang D (1997 b) Interactions between radioactively labeled colloids and natural particles: Evidence for Colloidal Pumping. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61 (14): 2867-2878.
- Wen LS, Warnken KW, Santschi PH (2008) The role of organic carbon, iron, and aluminium oxyhydroxides as trace metal carriers in the Trinity River and Trinity River Estuary (Galveston Bay, Texas). Marine Chemistry 112 (1-2): 20-37.
- Yasar D, Aksu AE, Uslu O (2001) Anthropogenic pollution in Izmit Bay: Heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Anvironmental Sciences 25: 299-313.
- Yıldız N, Yener G (2010) Dating of the Sediment Accumulation Rate, Radioactive and Heavy Metal Pollution in the Van Lake. Ekoloji 19 (77): 88-87.
- Yılmaz C (2005) Kızılırmak Deltası’nda meydana gelen erozyonun coğrafi analizi. In: O Tüysüz (ed), Türkiye Kuvaterner Sempozyumu,TURQUA-V, İTÜ Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2-5 Haziran 2005, İstanbul, 227–234.
Phytotoxicity of Water and Sediment from Nif Brook (Izmir, Turkey) on Green Algae Desmodesmus (=Scenedesmus) Subspicatus
Selma Katalay, Meltem Boyacioglu, Ozlem Cakal Arslan, Hatice Parlak, Muhammet Ali Karaaslan
Issue: 83, Pages: 25-31, Year: 2012
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2012.833
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The water of Nif Brook (Izmir, Turkey) is polluted by industrial, domestic, and agricultural sources. As the water of the brook is used for domestic and industrial water supply as well as for irrigation, it is of great importance to know the toxicity potential for the natural populations. For this purpose the standard test protocol for the short term phytotoxicity test method OECD 201 Algal Growth Inhibition has been evaluated with cultures of green algae Desmodesmus (=Scenedesmus) subspicatus as the representative of the first trophic level. The test has been used to assess the toxicity of both water and sediment samples from the brook. Five sampling sites from the brook were selected considering the type of pollution sources. The water samples were tested with 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 % dilutions in a test medium. Extracts of sediment samples were assayed in three different concentrations (20, 40 and 100 mg/mL). The effects on the growth of D. subspicatus were evaluated by scoring cell numbers under the light microscope with a Neubauer haemocytometer counting chamber. According to the results, the water samples stimulated the algal growth (except station 1); although all sediment samples inhibited the growth of populations, in several grades.
Keywords: Algal growth inhibition test, desmodesmus (=scenedesmus) subspicatus, phytotoxicity, sediment toxicity, water toxicity
REFERENCES
- Alexander M (1981) Biodegradation of chemicals of environmental concern. Science 211: 132-138. Anonymous (1984) Alga Growth Inhibition Test. OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals 201, Paris. Anonymous (2001) Gediz Nehir Havzası Su Kaynakları Yönetimi ve Kirlilik Kontrolü Pilot Projesi Final Raporu. T.C. Çevre Bakanlığı Çevre Kirliliğini Önleme ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
- Arslan ÖÇ, Parlak H, Katalay S, Boyacioglu M, Karaslan MA (2009) Embryotoxıc Effects of Water And Sediment From Nıf Brook (Western, Turkey) On Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 18 (5a): 663-669.
- Boyacioğlu M, Parlak H, Oral R, Cakal Arslan O (2008). Mutagenicity of sediment and water samples from Nif Brook (Western Turkey). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 17 (1): 9-15.
- Djomoa JE, Dautab A, Ferrierc V, Narbonned JF, Monkiedjee A, Njinee T, Garriguesf P (2004) Toxic effects of some major polyaromatic hydrocarbons found in crude oil and aquatic sediments on Scenedesmus subspicatus. Water Research 38: 1817-1821.
- Feiler U, Krebs F, Heininger P (2006) Aquatic Plant assay used in the Assessment of water quality in German Rivers. Hydrobiologia 570: 67-71.
- Ferreria RCF, Graça MAS (2002) A comparative study of the sensivity of selected Aquatic plants to mining effluents. Limnetica 21 (1-2): 129-134
- Furlong ET, Carter DS, Hites RA (1988) Organic chemical contaminants in sediments from the Trenton Channel of the Detroit River, Michigan, Journal of Great Lakes Research 14: 489-501.
- Hocking RR (1996) Methods and Applications of Linear Models. Regression and the Analysis of Variance. New York: Wiley
- Kayar VN, Celik A (2003) Determination of some pollution parameters and water quality of Gediz River. Ekoloji 12 (47): 17-22
- Kucuksezgin F, Kayatekin BM, Uluturhan E, Uysal N, Acikgoz O, Gonenc S (2008a) Preliminary investigation of sensitive biomarkers of trace metal pollution in mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Izmir Bay (Turkey). Environmental Monioring and Assessment 141: 339-345.
- Kucuksezgin F, Uluturhan E, Batki H (2008b) Distribution of heavy metals in water, particulate matter and sediments of Gediz River (Eastern Aegean). Environmental Monioring and Assessment 141: 213–225.
- Ma M, Zhu W, Wang Z, Witkamp GJ (2003) Accumulation, assimilation and growth inhibition of copper on freshwater alga (Scenedesmus subspicatus 86.81 SAG) in the presence of EDTA and fulvic acid. Aquatic Toxicology 63: 221-/228.
- Pavlic´ Ž, Vidakovic´-Cifrek Ž, Puntaric´ D (2005) Toxicity of surfactants to green microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Scenedesmus subspicatus and to marine diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Skeletonema costatum.Chemosphere 61: 1061-1068.
- Ratushnyak A (2007) The Role of Microflora and Plant Supplements in Daphnia magna Resistance to a Toxicant. Ekoloji 16 (64): 77-80.
- Ustun GE (2011) The Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Waters of the Nilufer Stream in Bursa. Ekoloji 20 (81): 61-66.
- Wind T, Belanger SE (2006) Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Alcohol Ethoxylates to the Green Alga, Desmodesmus (=Scenedesmus) subspicatus, and the Subsequent Development of Structure Activity Relationships. Bulletin Enviromental Contamination and Toxicoogy 76: 218-225.
Phytoplankton Species Composition and Abundance in the Southwestern Caspian Sea
Siamak Bagheri, Mashhor MANSOR, Muhammet TURKOGLU, Marzieh MAKAREMI, Wan Maznah Wan OMAR, Hossein NEGARESTAN
Issue: 83, Pages: 32-43, Year: 2012
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2012.834
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Keywords: Abundance, Caspian Sea, chlorophyll a, Phytoplankton, Southwestern
REFERENCES
- Aladin NV, Plotnikov I (2003) Biodiversity of the Caspian Sea. Caspian Environment Programme publisher, Baku.
- Anderson DM, Glibert PM, Burkholder JM (2002) Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Nutrient sources, composition, and consequences. Estuaries 25: 704-726.
- Anonymous (1992) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 18th ed.
- American Public Health Association Publisher, Washington.
- Bagheri S, Kiabi B, Mirzajani A, Mohammadjani T, Sabkara J, Kideys EA, Zahmatkesh Y, Negarestan H (2002) An investigation on abundance and distribution of Mnemiopsis leidyi in Guilan waters, southwestern Caspian Sea, Annual Report. Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Tehran.
- Bagheri S, Mashhor M, Makaremi M, Mirzajani A, Babaei H, Negarestan H, Wan Waznah WO (2010a) Distribution and composition of phytoplankton in the southwestern Caspian Sea during 2001- 2002, a comparison with previous surveys. World Journal Fish and Marine Sciences 2: 416-426.
- Bagheri S, Mansor M, Wan Maznah WO, Negarestan H (2010b) Distribution of Mnemiopsis leidyi and Zooplankton in the Southwestern Caspian Sea, 2008. In: Chung JS (ed), Proceedings of the Twentieth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) Press, 20-25 June 2010, Beijing, 1014-1018.
- Bagheri S, Mansor M, Marzieh M, Sabkara J, Mirzajani A, Khodaparast SH, Negarestan H, Wan Maznah, WO, Ghandi A, Khalilpour A (2011a) Fluctuations of Phytoplankton Community in the Coastal waters of Caspian Sea in 2006. American Journal of Applied Sciences 8: 1328-1336.
- Bagheri S, Sabkara J, Niermann U (2011b) State of Mnemiopsis leidyi and mesozooplankton in the south-western Caspian Sea (1996-2010). In: Jaspers C (eds), Mnemiopsis leidyi in European waters where are they and what do we know? 10 October 2011, University of Denmark, Copenhagen, 1-15.
- Bagheri S, Mansor M, Turkoglu M, Makaremi M, Babaei H (2012) Temporal distribution of phytoplankton in the southwestern Caspian Sea during 2009-2010: A comparison with previous surveys. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, doi:10.1017/S0025315412000094, 1- 13.
- Bagheri S (2012) Ecological assessment of plankton and effect of alien species in the south-western Caspian Sea. PhD Thesis, University of Sains Malaysia, Penang.
- Bayramov E, Mamedov R (2008) Modeling method for the prediction of the Caspian Sea Level Fluctuation Impacts on the Azerbaijan Coastal Zones Landscape Based on GIS. Ekoloji 17 (67): 46-51.
- Boalch GF (1987) Changes in the phytoplankton of the western English Channel in recent years. European Journal of Phychology 22: 225–235.
- Dumont H J (1998) The Caspian Lake: History, biota, structure and function. Limnology and Oceanography 43: 44-52.
- Eker E, Kideys A (2003) Distribution of phytoplankton in the southern Black Sea in summer 1996, spring and autumn 1998. Journal of Marine Systems 39: 203-211.
- Figueiras F, Rios A (1993) Phytoplankton succession, red tides and the hydrographic regime in the Rias Bajas of Galicia. In: Smayda T, Shimizu Y (eds.) Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea. Elsevier Science Publisher, New York, 239-244.
- Ganjian A, Makhlough A (2003) Investigation on distribution of Phytoplankton groups in the south of Caspian Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Science 12: 103-116.
- Hallegraeff GM (1993) A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase. Phycologia 32: 79–99.
- Hossieni A, Roohi A, Ganjian KA, Roshantabari M, Hashemian A, Solimanroudi A, Nasrollazadeh H, Najafpour S, Varedi A, Vahedi F (1998) Hydrology and Hydrobiology of the southern Caspian Sea. Annual Report, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Tehran.
- Humborg C, Smedberg E, Blomqvist S (2004) Nutrient variations in boreal and subarctic Swedish rivers: Landscape control of land–sea fluxes. Limnology and Oceanography 49: 1871-1883.
- Ivanov PI (2000) Biological Resources of the Caspian Sea. KaspNIRKh, Astrakhan.
- Jamshidi S, Abubakar NB, Yousefi M (2009) A study on concentrations of dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a in the coastal waters of Babolsar. American Journal of Applied Science 6: 1860-1867.
- Kasimov AG (2000) Methods of monitoring in the Caspian Sea. Qapp-Poliqraf, Azerbaijan. Khodaparast H (2006) Harmful Algal Bloom in the southwestern Basin of the Caspian Sea. Annual Report, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Tehran.
- Kideys AE, Moghim M (2003) Distribution of the alien ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea in August 2001. Marine Biology 142: 163-171.
- Kideys AE, Soydemir N, Eker E, Vladymyrov V, Soloviev D, Melin F (2005) Phytoplankton distribution in the Caspian Sea during March 2001. Hydrobiologia 543: 159-168.
- Kideys AE, Roohi A, Develi EE, Melin F, Beare D (2008) Increased chlorophyll a levels in the southern Caspian Sea, following an invasion of Jellyfish. Research Letters in Ecology, Article ID 185642: 1-4.
- Kosarev AN, Yablonskaya EA (1994) The Caspian Sea. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam.
- Laloei F (2001) Investigation of hydrology and hydrobiology in the south of Caspian Sea. Annual Report, Iranian Fisheries Researches Organization, Tehran.
- Mahoney J, McLaughlin J (1977) The association of phytoplankton blooms in lower New York bay with hypertrophication. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 23: 53-65.
- Mamaev V (2002) The Caspian Sea-enclosed and with many endemic species. European Environmental Agency. Europe’s biodiversity-biogeographical regions and seas. Available at: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/report_2002_0524_154909/page172. html (Accessed 15 February, 2011).
- McAleece N, Lambshead PJD, Paterson GLJ, Gage JD (1999) Biodiversity, professional version. A program for ecological data. Available at: http://www.nrmc.demonco.uk (Accessed 10 October, 2010).
- Moita MT, Oliveira PB, Mendes JC, Palma AS (2003) Distribution of chlorophyll a and Gimnodinium catenatum associated with coastal upwelling plumes off central Portugal. Acta Oecologica 24: 125-132.
- Moncheva S, Gotsis-Skretasb O, Pagoub K, Krasteva A (2001) Phytoplankton Blooms in Black Sea and Mediterranean Coastal Ecosystems Subjected to Anthropogenic Eutrophication: Similarities and Differences. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Science 53: 281-295.
- Nasrollahzadeh HS, Din ZB, Makhlough A (2008) Variations in nutrient concentration and phytoplankton composition at the euphotic and aphotic layers in the Iranian coastal waters of the Southern Caspian Sea. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science 11: 1179-1193.
- Naz M, Turkmen M (2005) Phytoplankton Biomass and Species Composition of Lake Golbasi (Hatay- Turkey). Turkish Journal of Biology 29: 49-56.
- Newell GH, Newell RC (1977) Marine Plankton. Hutchinson and Sons publication, London. Olli K (1996) Mass occurrences of cyanobacteria in estonian waters. Phycologia 35:156-159. Prescott GW (1962) Algae of the western Great Lakes area. Michigan Publishing, Michigan.
- Resende P, Azeiteiro UM, Goncalves F, Pereira MJ (2007) Distribution and ecological preferences of diatoms and dinoflagellates in the west Iberian Coastal zone (North Portugal). Acta Oecologica 32: 224- 235.
- Riegman R, Noordeloos A, Cadee G (1992) Phaeocystis blooms and eutrophication of the continental coastal zones of the north sea. Marine Biology 112: 479-484.
- Rodionov SN (1994) Global and Regional Climate Interaction: The Caspian Sea Experience. Water Science Technology 11: 222-233.
- Roohi A Yasin Z, Kideys AE, Hwai AT, Khanari AG, Eker DE (2008) Impact of a new invasive ctenophore (Mnemiopsis leidyi) on the zooplankton community of the Southern Caspian Sea. Marine Ecology 29: 421-434.
- Roohi A, Kideys A, Sajjadi A, Hashemian A, Pourgholam R, Fazli H, Khanari A.G, Eker E (2010) Changes in biodiversity of phytoplankton, zooplankton, fishes and macrobenthos in the Southern Caspian Sea after the invasion of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis Leidyi. Biological Invasions 12: 2343-2361.
- Salmanov MA (1999) Ecology and Biological Productivity of the Caspian Sea. Institute of Zoology, Baku.
- Sharifi M (2006) The pattern of Caspian Sea water penetration in the Anzali wetland: introduction of a salt wedge. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 4: 77-81.
- Schollhorn E, Graneli E (1996) Influence of different nitrogen to silica ratios and artificial mixing on the structure of a summer phytoplankton community from the Swedish west coast (Gullmarfjord). Journal of Sea Research 35: 159-167.
- Smayda T (1997) What is a bloom? A commentary. Limnology and Oceanography 42: 1132-1136. Sournia A (1978) Phytoplankton Manual. UNESCO Publishing, Paris.
- Stolberg F, Borysova O, Mitrofanov I, Barannik V, Eghtesadi P (2006) Global international waters assessment Caspian Sea, Regional Assessment Report. University of Kalmar, Sweden.
- Tugrul S, Uysal Z, Erdodan E, Yucel N (2011) Changes of Eutrofication Indicator Parameters (TP, DIN, Chl-a and TRIX) in the Cilician Basin (Northeast Mediterranean). Ekoloji 20 (80): 33-41.
- Turkoglu M (1999) Some fluctuations in phytoplankton community structures of the Black Sea. Ege University Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 16: 201-217.
- Turkoglu M, Koray T (2000) Ecological and geographical distributions of the planktonic protista in the southern part of the Black sea (neritic waters of Sinop peninsula, Turkey). Ege University Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 17: 161-178.
- Turkoglu M, Koray T (2002) Species succession and Diversity of Phytoplankton in the Neritic Waters of Southern Black Sea (The Bay of Sinop, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany 26: 235-252.
- Turkoglu M, Koray T (2004) Algal Blooms in Surface Waters of the Sinop Bay in the Black Sea, Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science 7: 1577-1585.
- Turkoglu M (2005) Succession of picoplankton (coccoid cyanobacteria) in the Southern Black Sea (Sinop Bay, Turkey). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 8: 1318-1326.
- Turkoglu M (2010a) Temporal variations of surface phytoplankton, nutrients and chlorophyll a in the Dardanelles (Turkish Straits System): a coastal station sample in weekly time intervals. Turkish Journal of Biology 34: 319-333.
- Turkoglu M (2010b) Winter bloom and ecological behaviors of coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) Hay & Mohler, 1967 in the Dardanelles (Turkish Straits System). Hydrology Research 41: 104- 114.
- Turkoglu M, Erdogan Y (2010) Diurnal variations of summer phytoplankton and interactions with some physicochemical characteristics under eutrophication in the Dardanelles. Turkish Journal of Biology 34: 211-225.
- Turkoglu M, Oner C (2010) Short Time Variations of Winter Phytoplankton, Nutrient and Chlorophyll a of Kepez Harbor in the Dardanelles (Çanakkale Strait, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 10: 537-548.
- Vollenweider AR (1974) A manual on methods for measuring primary production in aquatic environment. Blackwell Scientific Publication, London.
Modeling of Water Temperature Based on GIS and ANN Techniques: Case Study of Lake Egirdir (Turkey)
Erhan Sener, Ozlem Terzi, Sehnaz Sener, Ramazan Kucukkara
Issue: 83, Pages: 44-52, Year: 2012
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2012.835
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
This study presents a model to estimate lake water temperatures using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques. Lake Eğirdir was selected as the case study area because it is one of the important surface water resources in Turkey. Initially, the water temperature of the lake was determined using 44 stations by in-situ measurements. The relative humidity, air temperature, air pressure, and water depth parameters were used to develop the ANN models for estimating the water temperature of Lake Eğirdir. The parameter maps were derived by using GIS techniques. The developed ANN models were very effective in the estimating of water temperature for Lake Eğirdir. The best ANN model having an R2 of 0.949 and MSE of 0.075°C2 is based on the input parameters of, relative humidity, air pressure, and water depth. The results of the best ANN model were compared with the in-situ measurements and shows that the modeling results are compatible with the in-situ measurements of the lake water temperatures. Finally, the ANN method found was useful for estimating lake water temperature in which water temperature measurements are quite difficult, especially for large lakes, or to estimate missing water temperature data.
Keywords: ANN, GIS, Lake Egirdir, water temperature, Turkey
REFERENCES
- Anonymous (1984) Guidelines for drinking water quality. 2: Health criteria and other supporting information. World Health Organization (WHO) Publications, Geneva.
- Benyahya L, Caissie D, El-Jabi N, Satish MG (2010) Comparison of microclimate vs. remote meteorological data and results applied to a water temperature model (Miramichi River, Canada). Journal of Hydrology 380: 247-259.
- Braddock RD, Kremmer ML, Sanzogni L (1998) Feed-forward artificial neural network model for forecasting rainfall-runoff. Environmetrics 9: 419-432.
- Bucak IO, Karlik B (2011) Detection of Drinking Water Quality Using CMAC Based Artificial Neural Networks. Ekoloji 20 (78): 75-81.
- Caissie D, El-Jabi N, Satish MG (2001) Modeling of maximum daily water temperatures in a small stream using air temperatures. Journal of Hydrology 251: 14-28.
- Casselman JM (2002) Effects of temperature, global extremes, and climate change on year-class production of warmwater, coolwater, and coldwater fishes in the Great Lakes basin. In: McGinn NA (ed), Fisheries in a Changing Climate, Blackwell Publishing: Bethesda, Maryland, 39–60.
- Chiang YM, Chang FJ, Jou BJD, Lin PF (2007) Dynamic ANN for precipitation estimation and forecasting from radar observations. Journal of Hydrology 334: 250-261.
- Childs C (2004) Interpolating Surfaces in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst. ESRI Education Service, Redlands. Demuth H, Beale M (2001) MATLAB Neural network toolbox user's guide. The Math Works Inc, Natick. Dorvlo ASS, Jervase JA, Al-Lawati A (2002) Solar radiation estimation using artificial neural networks. Applied Energy 71: 307-319.
- Easson GL (1996) Integration of artificial neural networks and geographic information systems for engineering geological mapping. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla.
- Fortin M, Randall M, Dale T (2005) Spatial analysis: a guide for ecologists. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Gu RR, Li Y (2002) River temperature sensitivity to hydraulic and meteorological parameters. Journal of Environmental Management 66: 43-56.
- Imrie CE, Durucan S, Korre A (2000) River flow prediction using artificial neural networks: generalization beyond the calibration range. Journal of Hydrology 233: 138-153.
- Kani P (2008) A New ANN-Based Methodology for Very Short-Term Wind Speed Prediction Using Markov Chain Approach. In: Vaahedi E (ed), Proceedings of IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference, 6-7 October 2008, Vancouver, 1-6.
- Kaya OF, Cetin E, Aydogdu M, Ketenoglu O, Atamov V (2010) Syntaxonomical Analyses of the Secondary Vegetation of Harran Plain (Sanliurfa/Turkey) Ensuing Excessive Irrigation by Using GIS and Remote Sensing. Ekoloji 19 (75): 1-14.
- Keskin ME, Terzi Ö (2006) Artificial neural network models of daily pan evaporation. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 11 (1): 65-70.
- Khoob AK (2008) Artificial neural network estimation of reference evapotranspiration from pan evaporation in a semi-arid environment. Irrigation Science 27: 35-39.
- Kinouchi T, Yagi H, Miyamoto M (2007) Increase in stream temperature related to anthropogenic heat input from urban wastewater. Journal of Hydrology 335: 78–88.
- Kumar DN, Raju KS, Sathish T (2004) River flow forecasting using recurrent neural networks. Water Resources Management 18: 143-161.
- Lin GF, Chen LH (2004) A non-linear rainfall-runoff model using radial basis function network. Journal of Hydrology 289: 1–8.
- Lin CT, Lee CSG (1995) Neural fuzzy systems: a neuro-fuzzy synergism to intelligence systems. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
- Lin GF, Wu MC (2009) A hybrid neural network model for typhoon-rainfall forecasting. Journal of Hydrology 375: 450–458.
- Maier HR, Dandy GC (2000) Neural networks for the prediction and forecasting of water resources variables: a review of modelling issues and applications. Environmental Modelling and Software 15: 101-124. Mantzafleri N, Psilovikos AR, Blanta A (2009) Water quality monitoring and modeling in Lake Kastoria, using GIS. Assessment and management of pollution sources. Water Resources Management 23: 3221-3254. McCulloch WS, Pitts W (1943) A logical calculus of the ideas imminent in nervous activity. Bulletin and Mathematical Biophysics 5: 115–133.
- Mohandes M, Rehman S, Halawani TO (1998) A neural networks approach for wind speed prediction. Renew Energy 13: 345-354.
- Mohandes M, Balghonaim A, Kassas M, Rehman S, Halawani TO (2000) Use of radial basis functions for estimating monthly mean daily solar radiation. Solar Energy 68: 161-168.
- Mubiru J (2008) Predicting total solar irradiation values using artificial neural Networks. Renewable Energy 33 (10): 2329-2332.
- Ozaki N, Fukushima T, Harasawa H, Toshiharu K, Kawashima K, Ono M (2003) Statistical analyses on the effects of air temperature fluctuations on river water qualities. Hydrological Process 17: 2837-2853.
- Ozturk M, Secmen O, Leblebici E (1996) Plants and Pollution Relationships in Eber Lake (AFYON). Ekoloji 20:14-16.
- Ramirez MCV, Velhob HFC, Ferreira NJ (2005) Artificial neural network technique for rainfall forecasting applied to the Sao Paulo region. Journal of Hydrology 301: 146–162.
- Rumbayan M, Nagasaka K (2011) Estimation of Daily Global Solar Irradiation in Indonesia with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Method. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 1(2): 190-193.
- Rumelhart DE, Hinton GE, Williams RJ (1986a) Learning internal representations by error propagation. In: Rumelhart DE, McClelland JL (eds.) Parallel distributed processing, MA: MIT Press, Cambridge, 1: 318- 362.
- Sahoo GB, Schladow SG, Reuter JE (2009) Forecasting stream water temperature using regression analysis, artificial neural network, and chaotic non-linear dynamic models. Journal of Hydrology 378: 325-342.
- Sağbaş A, Karamanlıoğlu T (2011) The Application of Artificial Neural Networks in the estimation of Wind Speed: A case study. In: Varol Y, Güldemir H, Çelik V, Öztop HF (eds) Proceedings of the 6th International Advanced Technologies Symposium (IATS’11), 16-18 May 2011, Elazığ, 78-81.
- Sharma S, Walker SC, Jackson DA (2008) Empirical modeling of lake water-temperature relationships: a comparison of approaches. Freshwater Biology 53: 897-911.
- Solaimani K (2009) Rainfall-runoff Prediction Based on Artificial Neural Network (A Case Study: Jarahi Watershed). American-Eurasian Journal Agricultural and Environmental Science 5 (6): 856-865.
- Sudheer KP, Gosain AK, Mohana Rangan D, Saheb SM (2002) Modeling evaporation using an artificial neural network algorithm. Hydrological Process 16: 3189-3202.
- Şener Ş, Şener E, Davraz A, Karagüzel R, Bulut C (2010) Preliminary Findings in Egirdir Lake Water Quality: Assessment of In-Situ Measurements. Journal of Natural Applied Sciences 14: 72-83.
- Ünlü A, Çoban F, Tunç MS (2008) Investigation of Lake Hazar water quality according to physical and inorganic chemical parameters. Journal of Faculty Engineering and Architecture, Gazi University 23 (1): 119- 127.
Use of Recycled Concrete in Hot Mix Asphalt and an ANN model for Prediction of Resilient Modulus
Serhat Ektas, Murat Karacasu
Issue: 83, Pages: 53-60, Year: 2012
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2012.836
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Environmental wastes increase more and more as a result of household and industrial waste production and landfill sites for those wastes are decreasing progressively. Environmental pollution would also be prevented by use of these wastes in various construction materials or structures. In this study, the effects of recycled concrete (RC) on the properties of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) are investigated. For this purpose, RC was added to asphalt concrete in 10, 20, 30 and 40 percent by weight of aggregate. The Marshall Stability (MS), flow, resilient modulus (RM), and creep tests were applied to the specimens. MS and flows slightly decreased with the addition of RC. RM values for 10 percent RC was higher than the Control Specimen (CS) and the others. RM values decreased with increasing RC. RC specimens showed increases in terms of creep stiffness compared with CS. In addition, RM test results for different test conditions are evaluated by the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. The results of the ANN model of RM with a coefficient of determination of 0.98 conformed very closely to those obtained by the experimental results. Consequently it can be used as an aggregate in RC concrete and the modelling can be made by means of ANN. In this way instead of being an environmental pollution, concrete waste can be used as a construction material in the context of the sustainable environment
Keywords: asphalt, concrete, reuse, sustainable environment
REFERENCES
- Akbulut H, Gurer C (2007) Use of aggregates proekolojiduced from marble quarry waste in asphalt pavements. Building and Environment 42: 1921–1930.
- Aktan M, Bayraktar H (2009) The Neural Network Modeling of Suspended Particulate Matter with Autoregressive Structure. Ekoloji 19 (74): 32-37.
- Al-Hadidy AI, Tan Y, Hameed AT (2011) Starch as a modifier for asphalt paving materials. Construction and Building Materials 25: 14-20.
- Al-Khateeb GG, Al-Akhras NM (2011) Properties of portland cement-modified asphalt bitumen using superpave tests. Construction and Building Materials 25: 926-932.
- Anderson KW, Uhlmeyer JS, Russell M (2009) Use of recycled concrete aggregate in PCCP: Literature Search. Washington State Development of Transportation (WSDOT), Research Report. WSDOT Office of Research - Library Services, Washington.
- Anonymous (2003a) ackground document for life-cycle greenhouse gas emission factors for clay brick reuse and concrete recycling. United States Environmental Protention Agency, November 7, 530-R-03-017, Washington.
- Anonymous (2003b) Specification for Supply of Recycled Material for Pavements, Earthworks and Drainage Issue No: 2.0. Resource NSW in conjunction with the Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia and the Waste Management Association of Australia.
- Anonymous (2006) General Directorate of Highways (GDH): Highway construction specifications. General Directorate of Highways Press, Ankara.
- Batar T, Koksal NS, Yersel SE (2009) Production and Characterization of Wall Plaster with Borax and Paper Wastes and Perlite Additives. Ekoloji 18 (72): 45-53.
- Batayneh M, Marie I, Asi I (2007) Use of selected waste materials in concrete mixes. Waste Management 27: 1870-1876.
- Bayata HF, Hattatoglu F, Karsli N (2011) Modeling of monthly traffic accidents with the artificial neural network method. International Journal of the Physical Sciences 6 (2): 244-254.
- Binard C, Anderson D, Lapalu L, Planche, JP (2004) Zero shear viscosity of modified and unmodified bitumens. In: E Beauving (eds),Proceedings of 3rd Europhile-Eurobitume Congress, 12-14 May 2004, Vienna, 1721-1733.
- Ektaş S (2011) Beton Atıklarının Asfalt Betonu Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi. MSc Thesis, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir.
- Ercan O (2011) Artificial neural network based modelling of the Marshall Stability of asphalt concrete. Expert Systems with Applications 38: 6025-6030.
- Feeley AJ (1994) UTM-5P, Universal testing machine, hardware reference manual. Industrial Process Controls Limited, Boronia.
- Gandhi T (2008) Effects of warm asphalt additives on asphalt bitumen and mixture properties. PhD Thesis, Graduate School of Clemson University, Clemson.
- Gui-ping H, Wing-gun W (2007) Laboratory study on permanent deformation of foamed asphalt mix incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement materials. Construction and Building Materials 21: 1809-1819.
- Haganand MT, Menhaj, MB (1994) Training feed forward networks with the Marquaradt algorithm. IEEE Trans Neural Networks 6: 861–867.
- Hınıslıoğlu S, Ağar E (2004) Use of waste high density polyethylene as bitumen modifier in asphalt concrete mix. Materials Letters 58: 267-271.
- Hınıslıoğlu S, Aras HN, Bayrak OÜ (2005) Effects of high density polyethylene on the permanent deformation of asphalt concrete. Indian Journal of Engineering and Material Sciences 12: 456-460.
- Horwath A (2003) Life-cycle environmental and economicalassessment of using recycled materials for asphalt pavements. Technical Report, University of California, California.
- Huang Y, Bird RN, Heidrich O (2007) A review of the use of recycled solid waste materials in asphalt pavements. Resources. Conservation and Recycling 52: 58-73.
- Karaşahin M, Terzi S (2007) Evaluation of marble waste dust in the mixture of asphaltic concrete. Construction and Building Materials 21: 616–620.
- Kisi O (2007) Stream flow forecasting using different artificial neural network algorithms. Journal of Hydraulic Enginnering 12 (5): 532–539.
- Kok BV, Yilmaz M, Sengoz B, Sengur A, Avci E (2010) Investigation of complex modulus of base and SBS modified bitumen with artificial neural networks. Expert Systems with Applications 37: 7775-7780.
- Mills-Beale J, You Z (2010) The mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures with Recycled Concrete Aggregates. Construction and Building Materials 24: 230–235.
- Nicholls JC (1998) Asphalt surfacing. E&FN Spon Press, London.
- Ozcan K (2008) An Open-Green Space Effective Planning Model for Sustainable Urban Conservation: A Case Study for Konya Urban Conservation Area, Turkey. Ekoloji 17 (68): 43-53.
- Paranavithana S, Mohajerani A (2006) Effects of recycled concrete aggregates on properties of asphalt concrete. Resources Conservation Recycling 48 (9): 1-12.
- Shen DH, Du JC (2005) Application of gray relational analysis to evaluate HMA with reclaimed building materials. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 17 (4): 400–406.
- Siswosoebrotho IB, Ginting K, Soedirdjo T L (2005) Workability and resilient modulus of asphalt concrete mixtures containing flaky aggregates shape. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies 6: 1302-1312.
- Wong YD, Sun DD, Lai D (2007) Value-added utilization of recycled concrete in hot-mix asphalt. Waste Management 27: 294-301.
Ağır Metal Stresinin Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)’nin Protein ve Glikojen Sentezine Etkileri
Tamer Kayis, Iskender Emre
Issue: 83, Pages: 61-67, Year: 2012
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2012.837
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In the present study, effects of cadmium on protein and glycogen synthesis of parasitoid Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae) were investigated. The amount of total protein synthesized by insect significantly affected by cadmium from the day of 20th. Protein amount decreased in all concentrations of Cd compared to control at this day. 30th day, the amount of protein in insects fed on diet with the lowest Cd concentration increased, while the highest concentration decreased significantly. The amount of glycogen synthesized by insect affected by Cd from the day of 10th, and showed increases compare to control. Glycogen amount of insects fed on diet containing 0.10 and 0.50 mg Cd significantly increased on day 20th. This increase was observed in only high concentrations of cadmium (0.50 and 1 mg Cd) on day 30th. These changes observed P. turionellae under the heavy metal stress are more significant for observing the effects of heavy metals on beneficial species use as biologic control agents and be able to use for bioindicator to heavy metal contamination.
Keywords: Cadmium, glycogen, heavy metal, Pimpla turionellae, protein
REFERENCES
- Bischof C (1996) Effects of heavy metal stress on free amino acids in the haemolymph and total body tissue of Lymantria dispar larvae parasitized by Glyptapanteles liparidis Entomologia experimentalis et applicata. 79 (1): 61-68.
- Bischof C (1995) Effects of heavy metal stress on carbohydrate and lipid concentrations in the haemolymph and total body tissue of parasitized Lymantria Dispar L. Larvae (Lepidoptera) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 112 (C1): 87-92.
- Braeckman B, Smagghe G, Brutsaert N, Cornelis R, Raes H (1999) Cadmium uptake and defense mechanism in insect cells. Environmental Research Section A 80: 231-243.
- Bream AS (2003) Laboratory evaluation of heavy metals stress on certain biochemical parameters of the aquatic insect, Sphaerodema urinator Duf. (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae). Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biologicl Science 68 (4 Pt A): 291-297.
- Brown C, Nestler C (1985) Catecholamines and Indolalkylamines. In: GA Kerkut and LI Gilbert (eds). Comparative Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Pergamon Press, New York, 435-497.
- Burmester T (2001) Molecular evolution of the arthropod hemocyanin superfamily. Molecular Biology and Evolution 18 (2): 184-195.
- Carr RS, Williams JW, Saska FI, Buhl RS, Neff JM (1985) Bioenergetic alterations correlated with growth, fecundity and body burdens of cadmium in Mysids (Mysidopsis bahia). Environmental Toxicolgy and Chemistry 4: 181-188.
- Cervera A, Maymo AC, Martinez-Pardo R, Garcera, MD (2006) Vitellogenin polypeptide levels in one susceptible and one cadmium-resistant strain of Oncopeltus fasciatus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) and its role in cadmium resistance. Journal of Insect Physiology 52: 158-168.
- Cervera A, Maymo AC, Martinez-Pardo R, Garcera MD (2004) Cadmium effects on development and reproduction of Oncopeltus fasciatus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae). Journal of Insect Physiology 50: 737-749.
- Chen P (1985) Amino acid and protein metabolism. In: Kerkut GA, Gilbert LI (eds), Compherensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 177-199.
- Chinni S, Yallapragada PR (2002) Energy levels of Panaeus indicus postlarvae on exposure to lead. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 52: 173-179.
- Chrestensen CA, Starke DW, Mieyal JJ (2000) Acute cadmium exposure inactivates thioltransferase (glutaredoxin), inhibits intracellular reduction of protein-glutathionyl-mixed disulfides, andinitiates apoptosis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275: 26556–26565.
- Dadd RH (1985) Nutrition: Organism. In: Kerkut GA, Gilbert LI (eds), Compherensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 313–390.
- Devkota B, Schmidt GH (1999) Effect of mercury (Hg2+) on thelife span and development of Eyprepocnemis plorans (Charp.) (Orthopteroidea, Caelifera, Acrididae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria ‘‘Filippo Silvestri’’ 55: 113-125.
- Devkota B, Schmidt GH (2000) Accumulation of heavy metals in food plants and grassopher from the Taigetos Mountains, Greece. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 78: 85-91.
- Emre İ (1988) Meridik bir besinin Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) ergin dişilerinin yumurta verimine etkisi. Doğa Türk Biyoloji Dergisi 12 (2): 101-105.
- Fisher R (1987) Ecological studies on the pupal parasites (Hym., Ichneumonidae) of four native species of Yponomeuta (Lep., Yponomeutidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 103: 515-523.
- Florea AM, Büsselberg D (2006) Occurrence, use and potential toxic effects of metals and metal compounds. Biometals 19: 419-427.
- Fountain MT, Hopkin SP (2001) Continuous monitoring of Folsomia candida (Insecta: Collembola) in a metal exposure test. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 48: 275–286.
- Gregory JL (1997) The effect of cadmium on cytosolic free calcium, protein kinase and collagen synthesis in rat osteosarchoma (Ros17/2.8) Cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 143: 189-195.
- Hsu MJ, Selvaraj K, Agoramoorthy G (2006) Taiwan’s industrial heavy metal pollution threatens terrestrial biota. Environmental Pollution 143: 327-334.
- Ilijin L, Peric-Mataruga V, Radojicic R, Lazarevic J, Nenadovic V, Vlahovic M, Mrdakovic M (2010) Effect of cadmium on protocerebral neurosecretory neurons and fitness components in Lymantria dispar L. Folia Biologica (Krakow) 58: 91-99.
- Islam A, Roy S (1983) Effects of CdCl2 on the quantitative various of Carbohydrate, protein, aminoacid and cholesterol in Chrysochoris stolli Wolf (Insecta: Hemiptera). Current Science 52: 215-217.
- Ivanovic J, Jankovic-Hladni M (1991) Hormones and Methabolisms in Insect Stress. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
- Kafel A, Bednarska K, Augustyniak M, Witas I, Szulinska E (2003) Activity of glutathione S-transferase in Spodoptera exigua larvae exposed to cadmium and zinc in two subsequent generations. Environment International 28: 683-686.
- Kansu U, Uğur A (1984) Pimpla turionellae (L.) (Hym. Ichneumonide) ile konukçusu bazı lepidopter türleri arasındaki biyolojik ilişkiler üzerine araştırmalar. Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 8: 160-173.
- Kazmirowa M, Ortel J (2000) Metal accumulation by Ceratitis capitata (Diptera) and transfer to the parasitic wasp Coptera occidentalis (Hymenoptera). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 7: 1822-1830.
- Lagadic L, Caquet T, Ramade F (1994) The role of biomarkers in environmental assessment. Invertebrate Populations and Communities. Ecotoxicology 3 (5): 193-208.
- Laskowski R (2001) Why short-termbioassays are not meaningful-effects of a pesticide (imidacloprid) and a metal (cadmium) on pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris). Ecotoxicology 10: 177-183.
- Lee JC, Andow DA, Heimpel GE (2006) Influence of floral resources on sugar feeding and nutrient dynamics of a parasitoid in the field. Ecological Entomology 31: 470-480.
- Lijun L, Xuemeia L, Yaping G, Enbo M (2005) Activity of enyzmes of the antioxidative system in cadmium- treated Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acridoidae). Environmental toxicology and Pharmacology 20: 412-416.
- Linde AR, Arribas P, Sanchez-Galon S, Garcia-Vazguez F (1996) Eel (Anguila anguila) and Brown trout (Salma trutta) target species to assess the biological impact of trace metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 31: 297-302.
- Martinez M, Torreblanca A, Ramo JD, Diaz-Mayans J (1994) Effects of sublethal exposure to lead on levels of energetic compound in Procambarus clarkii. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination Toxicology 52: 729- 733.
- McMurray CT, Tainer JA (2003) Cancer, cadmium and genome integrity. Nature Genetic 34: 239-241. Mikhailova MV, Littlefield NA, Hass BS, Poirier LA, Chou MW (1997) Cadmium-induced 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation, DNA strand breaks and antioxidant enzyme activities in lymphoblastoid cells. Cancer Letters 115: 141-148.
- Moura G, Vilarinho L, Machado J (2000) The action of Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb on fluid composition of Anodonta cygnea (L.): Organic components. Comperative Biochemisrty and Physiology Part B, 127 (1): 105- 112.
- Norton KB, Kench JE (1977) Effects of cadmium on ribosomal protein synthesis in rat liver. Environmental Research 13: 102-110.
- Nummelin M, Lodenius M, Tulisalo E, Hirvonen H, Alanko T (2007) Predatory insects as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution. Environmental Pollution 145: 339-347.
- Olson DM, Fadamiro H, Lundgren JG, Heimpel GE (2000) Effects of sugar feeding on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a parasitoid wasp. Physiological Entomology 25: 17-26.
- Ortel J (1991) Effects of lead and cadmium on chemical composition and total water content of the pupal parasitoid, Pimpla turionellae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 59: 93-100.
- Ortel J (1996) Metal-supplemented diets alter carbohydrate levels in tissue and hemolymph of gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar, Lymantriidae, Lepidoptera). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15: 1171-1176. Planello R, Martinez-Guitarte JL, Morcillo G (2010) Effect of acute exposure to cadmium on the expression of heat-shock and hormone-nuclear receptor genes in the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius. Science of the Total Environment 408: 1598-1603.
- Plummer DI (1971) An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry. Mc Graw Hill Book Company, London.
- Rathore RS, Sanghui PK, Swarup H (1979) Toxicity of cadmium chlorid and lead nitrate to Chronomus tentans larvae. Environmental Pollution 18: 173-177.
- Roe HJ, Batley JM, Gray RR, Robinson JN (1961) Complete removal of glycogen from tissues by extraction with cold trichloroacetic acid solution. Journal of Biological Chemistry 236: 1224-1246
- Sancho E, Ferrando MD, Fernandez C, Andreu E (1998) Liver energy metabolism of Anguilla anguilla after exposure of fenitrothion. Ecotoxicolgy and Environmental Safety 41: 168-175.
- Schmidt GH, Ibrahim NMM, Abdallah MD (1992) Long term effects of heavy metals in food on developmental stages of Aiolopus thalassinus (Saltatoria:Acrididae). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicoloy 23: 375-382.
- Schmidt GH, Ibrahim NMM, Abdallah MD (1991) Toxicological studies on the long-termeffects of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb) in soil on the development of Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabr.) (Saltatoria: Acrididae). The Science of the Total Environment 107: 109-134.
- Sildanchandra W, Crane M (2000) Influence of sexual dimorphism in Chironomus riparius Meigen on toxic effects of cadmium. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19: 2309-2313.
- Spring JH, Matthews JR, Downer A (1977) Fate of glucose in the haemolymph of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Journal of Insect Physiology 23: 525-529.
- Tang N, Enger MD (1993) Cd(2+) induced c-myc mRNA accumulation in NRK-49F cells is blocked by the protein kinase inhibitor H7 but not by HA1004, indicating that protein kinase C is a mediator of the response. Toxicology 81(2):155–164
- Telang A, Buck NA, Wheeler DE (2002) Response of storage protein levels to variation in dietary protein levels. Journal of Insect Physiology 48 (11): 1021-1029.
- Uckan F, Sak O (2010) Cytotoxic Effect of Cypermethrin on Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Larval Hemocytes. Ekoloji 19 (75): 20-26.
- Van Oik T, Rantala MJ, Saloniemi I (2007) Diet-mediated effects of heavy metal pollution on growth and immune response in the geometrid moth Epirrita autumnata. Environmental Pollution 145: 348-354.
- Wackers FL, Lee JC, Heimpel GE, Winkler K, Wagenaar R (2006) Hymenopteran parasitoids synthesize ‘honeydew-specific’ oligosaccharides. Functional Ecology 20: 790-798.
- Wilczek G, Babczynska A, Augustyniak M, Migula P (2004) Relations between metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu) and glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes in spiders from a heavy metal pollution gradient. Environmental Pollution 132: 453–461.
- Wilps H, Gade G (1990) Hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in the blowfly Phormia terraenovae. Journal of lnsect Physiology 36: 441-449.
- Wu GX, Ye GY, Hu C, Cheng JA (2006) Accumulation of cadmium and its effects on growth, development and hemolymph biochemical compositions in Boettcherisca peregrina larvae (Diptera:Sarcophagidae). Insect Science 13: 31-39.
- Zaba BN, Harris EJ (1978) Accumulation and effects of trace metal ions in fish Liver Mitochondria. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 61C (1): 57-66.
- Zhang ZS, Lu XG, Wang CQ, Zheng DM (2009) Mercury, cadmium and lead biogeochemistry in the soil- plant-insect in Hulado City. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 83: 255-259.
- Zheng DM, Wang QC, Zhang ZS, Zheng N, Zhang XW (2008) Bioaccumulation of total and methyl mercury by arthropods. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 81: 95-100.
Yeniçağa Gölü’nde (Bolu-TÜRKİYE) Su, Sediment ve Kerevitteki (Astacus leptodactylus) Bazı Ağır Metallerin Birikimi Üzerine Bir Ön Çalışma
Evren Tunca, Sibel Atasagun, Yasemin Saygi
Issue: 83, Pages: 68-76, Year: 2012
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2012.838
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research which was done in Yeniçağa Lake (Bolu) was to determine some heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Mn, Pb) in water, sediments and crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus ). Exosceleton, gills, hepatopancreas, abdominal muscle of crayfish were analysed and the significance of accumulations in the crayfish tissues was searched for these heavy metals. The accumulation in gills for these heavy metals is higher than the other tissues at the significant level of 95%. It was detected that Mn had higher accumulation in these heavy metals. The level of Cd and Pb in muscle tissue was more than 4 times level of Turkish food codex which was published by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and European Union’s regulations (EC) for crayfish and crustaceans. Mn which did not have maximum legal limit for any foods the reason of being essential, was compared with drinking water criteria of Ministry of health. Mn accumulation in muscle tissue is determined 380 times higher than drinking water limits. Cr accumulation is lower than 12-13 μg/g limit. In the water Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb 35 μg/L, 42 μg/L, 183 μg/L, 19 μg/L and in the sediments Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb 0,8 μg/g, 92,8 μg/g, 1143 μg/g, 16 μg/g respectively was found. The water of lake is compared with Ministy of Environment’s water pollution regulations for these heavy metals and Cd 4th class, Cr, Mn, Pb 2nd class are appointed for water criteria. The result of this research show that accumulations of these heavy metals in water, sediment and crayfish in Yeniçağa Lake (Bolu) are harmfull for ecosystem and people’s health.
Keywords: Crayfish, heavy metal, sediment, water, Yenicaga Lake
REFERENCES
- Alcorlo P, Otero M, Crehuet M, Baltanás A, Montes C (2006) The use of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Girard) as indicator of the bioavailability of heavy metals in environmental monitoring in the River Guadiamar (SW, Spain). Science of the Total Environment 366: 380-390.
- Alhas E, Oymak SA, Karadede AH (2008) Heavy metal concentrations in two barb, Barbus xanthopterus and Barbus rajanorum mystaceus from Atatürk Dam Lake, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 148: 11-18.
- Altındağ A, Yiğit S. (2005) Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in the food web of lake Beyşehir, Turkey. Chemosphere 60: 552-556.
- Anderson MB, Preslan JE, Jolibois L, Bollinger JE, George WJ (1997) Bioaccumulation of lead nitrate in Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Journal of Hazardous Materials 54: 15-29.
- Anim AK, Ahialey EK, Duodu GO, Ackah M, Bentil N (2011) Accumulation profile of heavy metals in fish samples from nsawam, along the densu river, Ghana. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 3(1): 56-60.
- Anonymous (1993a) Food and drug administration, Guidance document for chromium in shellfish. DHHS/PHS/ FDA/CFSAN/Office of seafood, Washington.
- Anonymous (2004) Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı, Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği. 31 Aralık 2004, No: 25687, Ankara.
- Anonymous (2005) Sağlık Bakanlığı, İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Resmi Gazete, No:25730, 17 Şubat 2005, Ankara.
- Anonymous (2006) European Union, Commission Regulation (EC) 19 December 2006: 1881/2006, Brussels.
- Anonymous (2008) Tarım ve Köy işleri Bakanlığı, Türk gıda kodeksi. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Resmi Gazete 17 Mayıs 2008, No: 26879, Ankara.
- Antón A, Serrano T, Angulo E, Ferrero G, Rallo A (2000) The use of two species of crayfish as environmental quality sentinels: the relationship between heavy metal content, cell and tissue biomarkers and physico-chemical characteristics of the environment. The Science of the Total Environment 247: 239-251.
- Baden SP ve Eriksson SP (2006) Role, routes and effects of manganese in Crustaceans. Oceanography and Marine Biology 44: 61-83.
- Barlas N, Akbulut N, Aydoğan M (2005) Assessment of Heavy Metal Residues in the Sediment and Water Samples of Uluabat Lake, Turkey. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 74: 286-293.
- Becquer T, Quantin C, Boudot J (2010) Toxic levels of metals in Ferralsols under natural vegetation and crops in New Caledonia. European Journal of Soil Science 61 (6): 994-1004.
- Bernhard M (1976) Manuel of methods in aquatic environment research. FAO, Fisheries Tecnical Paper Rome.
- Besser JM, Brumbaugh WG, May TW, Schmitt CJ (2007) Biomonitoring of Lead, Zinc, and Cadmium in Streams Draining Lead-Mining and Non-Mining Areas, Southeast Missouri, USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 129: 227-241.
- Bollinger JE, Bundy K, Anderson MB, Millet L, Preslan JE, Jolibois L (1997) Bioaccumulation of Chromium in Red Swamp Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii). Journal of Hazardous Materials 54: 1-13.
- Briggs-Reed LM, Heagler MG (1997) A comparative analysis of lead concentrations in purged and unpurged crayfish (Procambarus clarkii ): The significance of digestive tract removal prior to consumption by humans. Microchemical Journal 55: 122-128.
- Devi M, Thomas DA, Barber JT, Fingerman M (1996) Accumulation and physiological and biochemical effects of cadmium in a simple aquatic food chain. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 33: 38-43.
- Guner U (2010) Cadmium Bioaccumulation and Depuration by Freshwater Crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus. Ekoloji 19 (77): 23-28.
- Kafadar FN, Saygıdeger S (2010) Determination of Lead (Pb) content in some agricultural plants irrigated with industrial waste water around Gaziantep province. Ekoloji 19 (75): 41-48.
- Kasassi A, Rakimbei P, Karagiannidis A, Zabaniotou A, Tsiouvaras K, Nastis A (2008) Soil contamination by heavy metals: Measurements from a closed unlined landfill. Bioresource Technology 99: 8578-8584.
- Kılıç A, Kasparek M (1989) Türkiye’nin önemli kuş alanları. Doğal Hayatı Koruma Derneği Yayını, İstanbul.
- Kılınç S (2003) The phytoplankton community of Yenicaga Lake (Bolu, Turkey). Nova Hedwigia 76 (3-4): 429-442.
- Kulkoyluoglu O, Dugel M, Kilic M (2007) Ecological requirements of Ostracoda (Crustacea) in a heavily polluted shallow lake, Lake Yenicaga (Bolu, Turkey). Hydrobiologia 585: 119-133.
- Kurun A, Balkıs N, Erkan M, Balkıs H, Aksu A, Ersan MS ( 2010 ) Total metal levels in crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823), and surface sediments in Lake Terkos, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 169: 385-395.
- Lucchini RG, Martin CJ, Doney BC (2009) From manganism to manganese-induced parkinsonism: A conceptual model based on the evolution of exposure. Neuromolecular Medicine 11 (4): 311-321.
- Madigosky S, Alvarezhernandez X, Glass J (1991) Lead, cadmium, and aluminum accumulation in the red swamp crayfishProcambarus clarkii G. collected from roadside drainage ditches in louisiana. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 20 (2): 253-258.
- Milena RK, Stojanović J, Tasić V, Milošević N, Petrović N, Snežana SS (2010) Preliminary analysis of levels of arsenic and other metalic elements in pm10 sampled near copper smelter bor (Serbia). Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 16 (3): 269−279.
- Naghshbandi N, Zare S, Heidari R, Razzaghzadeh S (2007) Concentration of heavy metal in different tissues of Astacus leptodactylus from Aras Dam of Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biyological Science 10 (21): 3956- 3959.
- Rigler FH, Downing JA (1984) The calculation of secondary production. In: Downing JA, Rigler FH (eds) A manual on methods for the assessment of secondary productivity in fresh waters, IBP Handbook, Blackwell, Oxford, 19–58.
- Saygi Y, Yigit S (2005) Rotifera community structure of Yenicaga Lake. Turkey Journal of Freshwater Ecology 20 (1): 197-199.
- Saygi-Basbug Y, Demirkalp FY (2004) Trophic status of shallow Yenicaga Lake (Bolu, Turkey) in relation to physical and chemical environment. Fresenius Environmental bulletin 13 (5): 385-393.
- Srinath T, Verma T, Ramteke PW, Garg SK (2002) Chromium (VI) biosorption and bioaccumulation by chromate resistant bacteria. Chemosphere 48: 427-435.
- Suarez-Serrano A, Alcaraz C, Ibanez C, Trobajo R, Barata C (2010) Procambarus clarkii as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution sources in the lower Ebro River and Delta. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73: 280-286.
- Uysal Y, Taner F (2007) The Effect of Cadmium Ions on the Growth Rate of the Freshwater Macrophyte Duckweed Lemna minor. Ekoloji 16 (62): 9-15.
- Villiers S, Thiart C, Basson NC (2010) Identification of sources of environmental lead in South Africa from surface soil geochemical maps. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 32: 451-459.
- Vinod VTP, Sashidhar RB, Sreedhar B (2010) Biosorption of nickel and total chromium from aqueous solution by gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium): A carbohydrate biopolymer. Journal of Hazardous Materials 178: 851-860.
Trafik Kaynaklı Partikül Madde Boyutlarının ve Siyah Duman İle İlişkisinin Araştırılması
Burcu Onat, Ulku Alver Sahin
Issue: 83, Pages: 77-83, Year: 2012
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2012.839
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The overall harmful effects of particulate matter on human health depend on the exposure time and the chemical and physical properties of the particulate. There is a high exposure to fine particulates near the micro environments with heavy traffic in cities. The airborne particulate matter is consisted of fine particles (PM2.5), coarse particles (PM10) and black smoke particles sourced from different sources. In past, the black smoke method was widely used to measure the airborne particles. It is known that there is a relation between the darkness of the smoke stain and elemental carbon particles. Therefore nowadays black smoke is accepted for an indicative of primary particles sourced by combustion, secondary inorganic particles and coarse particles. The persistent strong association between adverse health outcomes of air pollution sourced traffic and the black smoke has recently prompted the World Health Organization to re-evaluation of black smoke. Black smoke can be in high concentrations especially near roads depending on the number of diesel motor vehicles.
In this study, the 24 hour samples of particulate matter in different size (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) were collected in densely traffic area in Istanbul and the reflectance of filters was investigated by black smoke optical method. The sampling was conducted between October 2009 and March 2010 in Yenibosna. The sampling station was 25 meters away from the D100 motorway. PM concentrations and the reflectance of the dust collected on glass fiber filters were examined. It has been estimated that the average concentration of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 are 98.6±64.81, 55.4±29.5 and 32.3±25.3, respectively. The daily PM concentrations were variable and the mean PM10 and PM2.5 concentration exceeded by far the daily tolerant limits in episode days. The strong relation (r=0.89) between black smokes which is the cursor of elemental carbon sourced diesel motor vehicles and fine particles were determined.
Keywords: airborne particles, black smoke, elemental carbon, Istanbul, reflectance, traffic
REFERENCES
- Anonymous (1999) Relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air. 1999/30/EC, 22 April 1999, The Council of the European Union, Brussels.
- Anonymous (2003) Health aspects of air pollution with particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Report on a WHO Working Group, EUR/03/5042688, World Health Organisation, Geneva.
- Anonymous (2006) Particulate Matter (PM) Standards. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington.
- Anonymous (2007) Emission Inventory Guidebook, Road Transport Report, EMEP/CORINAIR. European Environment Agency (EEA), Copenhagen.
- Anonymous (2008a) Hava Kalitesi Değerlendirme ve Yönetimi Yönetmeliği (HKDYY). Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Resmi Gazete, 06.06.2008 tarihli, 26898 sayılı, Ankara.
- Anonymous (2008b) Motorlu Kara Taşıtları İstatistikleri. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK), Ankara. Anonymous (2010a) UK smoke and sulphur dioxide Networks instruction:
- www.airquality.co.uk/reports/empire/ smkman/smkman.doc. (Ziyaret tarihi 2 Mayıs 2010)
- Anonymous (2010b) T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Refik Saydam Hıfzısıhha Merkezi Başkanlığı, Çevre Sağlığı Araştırma Müdürlüğü, Analiz Metotları, Ankara. http://www.rshm.gov.tr (Ziyaret tarihi 2 Mayıs 2010)
- Aslan İY, Katırcıoğlu E, Kırcova İ, Kızılot Ş, Taş M, Altınay G, Çilingirtürk AM, Gegez E, Şahin A, Onat B, Sivri N, Şahin Ü, Aslan FE (2009) Otomotiv Ticaretinde Yol Haritası: Gelecek 10 yıl, Bölüm 6 (Çevre). Otomotiv Distribütörleri Derneği Yayını, İstanbul.
- Birch ME, Cary RA (1996) Elemental carbon-based method for monitoring occupational exposures to particulate diesel exhaust. Aerosol Science and Technology 25: 221–241.
- Chen CO, Kan H, Huang C, LI L, Zhang Y(2009) Impact of Ambient Air Pollution on Public Health under Various Traffic Policies in Shanghai, China Impact of Ambient Air Pollution on Public Health under Various Traffic Policies in Shanghai, China. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 22: 210-215.
- Demirayak A, Kutbay HG, Kilic D, Bilgin A, Huseyinova R (2011) Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Natural and Exotic Plants in Samsun City. Ekoloji 20 (79): 1-11. doi: 10.5053/ekoloji.2011.791
- Heal MR, Hibbs LR, Agius RM, Beverland IJ (2005) Interpretation of variations in fine and coarse and black smoke particulate matter concentrations in a Northern European city. Atmospheric Environment 39: 3911-3920.
- Hoek G, Brunekreef B, Verhoeff A, Wijnen V, Fischer P (2000) Daily mortality and air pollution in the Netherlands. Journal of The Air and Waste Management Association 50: 1380-1389.
- Kaur S, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Colvile RN (2005) Pedestrian exposure to air pollution along a major road in Central London, UK. Amospheric Environment 39: 7307-7320.
- Kleeman MJ, Schauer JJ, Cass GR (2000) Size and composition distribution of fine particulate matter emitted from motor vehicles. Environmental Science and Technology 34: 1132–1142.
- Laden F, Neas LM, Dockery DW, Schwartz J (2000) Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six US cities. Environmental Health Perpectives 108: 941-947.
- Osma E, Serin M, Leblebici Z, Aksoy A (2012) Heavy Metals Accumulation in Some Vegetables and Soils in Istanbul. Ekoloji 21 (82): 1-8.
- Wu J, Houston D, Lurmann F, Ong P, Winer A (2009) Exposure of PM2.5 and EC from diesel and gasoline vehicles in communities near the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, California. Atmospheric Environment 43: 1962-1971.
Evaluation of Trace Metals Found in Bottled Waters Sold in Izmir Turkey
Murat Yabanli
Issue: 83, Pages: 84-88, Year: 2012
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2012.8310
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Within the scope of this work, 30 brands of bottled water sold in the Izmir Province of Turkey, were investigated for the levels of 6 trace metals (Al, Cr, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb) important for public health and drinking water quality. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the analysis of the trace metals. The highest metal ion concentrations obtained in the analyses of the samples was found to be 102.99 μg Al/L, 1.80 μg Cr/L, 40.22 μg Cu/L, 11.36 μg As/L, 0.08 μg Cd/L, and 2.79 μg Pb/L. The concentration levels revealed in this work were compared to the maximum concentration levels allowed by the WHO and other international standards, and as a result, a water sample of one brand, from the natural waters of Izmir, contained a total arsenic level (11.36 μg As/L) exceeding national and international standards.
Keywords: Bottled water, trace metal (Al, Cr, Cu, As, Cd, Pb), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Izmir (Turkey)
REFERENCES
- Alemdar S, Kahraman T, Agaoglu S, Aligarli M (2009) Some Microbiological and Physicochemical Properties of Drinking Water in Bitlis District. Ekoloji 19 (73): 29-38.
- Anonymous (1998) Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. European Union Directives, Brussels.
- Anonymous (2005) İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkındaki Yönetmelik. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Resmi Gazete, Sayı: 25730, Ankara.
- Anonymous (2008) Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. Vol. 1 Recommendations, World Health Organization(WHO), Geneva.
- Anonymous (2009) Drinking water contaminants. United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA 816-F-09-004, Washington.
- Bache BW (1986) Aluminum mobilization in soils and waters. Journal of the Geological Society 143(4): 699-706.
- Birke M, Rauch U, Harazim B, Lorenz H, Glatte W (2010) Major and trace elements in German bottled water, their regional distribution, and accordance with national and international standards. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 107: 245-271.
- Bissen M, Frimmel FH (2003) Arsenic: a Review. Part I: Occurrence, Toxicity, Speciation, Mobility. Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica 31 (1): 9-18.
- Björn SF, Lax K, Tarvainen T, Jæger O, Wigum BJ (2010) The chemistry of bottled mineral and spring waters from Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 107: 350-361.
- Bošnjak Z, Cavar S, Klapec T, Milic M, Klapec-Basar M, Toman M (2008) Selected markers of cardiovascular disease in a population exposed to arsenic from drinking water. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 26: 181-186.
- Celik I, Gallicchio L, Boyd K, Lam TK, Matanoski G, Tao X, Shiels M, Hammond E, Chen L, Robinson KA, Caulfield LE, Herman JG, Guallar E, Alberg AJ (2008) Arsenic in drinking water and lung cancer: A systematic review. Environmental Research 108: 48-55.
- Chen CT, Huang WP (2002) A High Selective Fluorescent Chemo sensor for Lead Ions. Journal of American Chemical Society 124: 6246-6247.
- Davidson T, Kluz T, Burns F, Rossman T, Zhang Q, Uddin A, Nadas A, Costa M (2004) Exposure to chromium (VI) in the drinking water increases susceptibility to UV-induced skin tumors in hairless mice. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 196: 431-437.
- Divrikli Ü, Elçi L (2002) Determination of some trace metals in water and sediment samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after co-precipitation with cerium (IV) hydroxide. Analytica Chimica Acta 452: 231-235.
- Flaten TP (2001) Aluminum as a risk factor in Alzheimer’s disease, with emphasis on drinking water. Brain Research Bulletin 55 (2): 187-196.
- Flick DF, Kraybill HF, Dlmitroff JM (1971) Toxic effects of cadmium: A review. Environmental Research 4(2): 71-85.
- Ghosh P, Banerjee M, Giri A K, Ray K (2008) Toxic genomics of Arsenic: Classical ideas and recent advances. Mutation Research 659: 293-301.
- Güler C (2007) Characterization of Turkish bottled waters using pattern recognition methods. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 86: 86-94.
- Güler C, Alpaslan M (2009) Mineral content of 70 bottled water brands sold on the Turkish market: Assessment of their compliance with current regulations. Journal of Food composition and Analysis 22: 728- 737.
- Hutton M (1983) Sources of cadmium in the environment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 7(1): 9-24.
- Ikem A, Odueyungbo S, Egiebor NO, Nyavor K (2002) Chemical quality of bottled waters from three cities in eastern Alabama. The Science of the Total Environment 285: 165-175.
- Karamanis D, Stamoulis K, Ioannides KG (2007) Natural radionuclides and heavy metals in bottled water in Greece. Desalination 213: 90-97.
- Karavoltsos S, Sakellari A, Mihopoulos N, Dassenakis M, Scoullos M (2008) Evaluation of the quality of drinking water in regions of Greece. Desalination 224: 317-329.
- Kavcar P, Sofuoglu A, Sofuoglu SC (2009) A Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Trace Metals via Drinking Water Ingestion Patway. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 212: 216-227.
- Krachler M, Shotyk W (2009) Trace and ultratrace metals in bottled waters: Survey of sources worldwide and comparison with refillable metal bottles. Science of the Total Environment 407: 1089-1096.
- Mink PJ, Alexander DD, Baraj LM, Kelsh MA, Tsuji JS (2008) Low-Level Arsenic Exposure in Drinking Water and Bladder Cancer: A Review and Meta-Analysis. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 52 (3): 299-310.
- Naja GM, Volesky B (2009) Toxicity and source of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, As, and Radionuclides in the Environment. In: Wank LK, Chen JP, Shammas NK, Hung YT (eds), Heavy Metals in the Environment, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 13-61.
- Nkono NA, Asubiojo OI (1997) Trace elements in bottled and soft drinks in Nigeria – a preliminary study. The Science of the Total Environment 208: 161-163.
- Oliveira-Filho EC, Lopes RM, Paumgartten FJR (2004) Comparative study on the susceptibility of freshwater species to copper-based pesticides. Chemosphere 56: 369-374.
- Owlad M, Aroua MK, Daud WAW, Baroutian S (2009) Removal of Hexavalent Chromium-Contaminated Water and Wastewater: A Review. Water Air Soil Pollutions 200: 59-77.
- Peh Z, Šorša A, Halamić J (2010) Composition and variation of major and trace elements in Crotian bottled waters. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 107: 227-237.
- Petraccia L, Liberati G, Masciullo SG, Grassi M, Fraioli A (2006) Water, mineral water and health. Clinical Nutrition 25: 377-385.
- Rondeau V, Commenges D, Jacqmin-Gadda H, Dartigues JF (2000) Relation between Aluminum Concentrations in Drinking Water and Alzheimer’s Disease: An 8-year Follow-up Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 152 (1): 59-66.
- Saleh A, Doush A (1998) Survey of the trace elements in household and bottled drinking water samples collected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The Science of the Total Environment 216: 181-192.
- Saleh MA, Ewane E, Jones J, Wilson BL (2001) Chemical evaluation of commercial bottled drinking water from Egypt. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 14: 127-152.
- Smith AH, Steinmaus CM (2009) Health Effects of Arsenic and Chromium in Drinking Water: Recent Human Findings. Annual Review of Public Health 30: 107-122.
- Sperling M, Xu S, Welz B (1992) Determination of Chromium(III) and Chromium(IV) in Water Using Flow Injection On-Line Preconcentration with Selective Adsorption on Activated Alumina and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Detection. Analytical Chemistry 64 (24): 3101-3108.
- Thompson T, Fawell J, Kunikane S, Jackson D, Appleyard S, Callan P, Bartram J, Kingston P (2007) Chemical safety of drinking-water: Assessing priorities for risk management. World Health Organization, WHO press, Geneva.
- Turk T, Alp I (2010) Adsorption of As(III) from Water Using Mg-Fe-Hydrotalcite (FeHT). Ekoloji 19(74): 77-88.
- Upadhyay S, Liss PS, Jickells TD (2002) Sorption Model for Dissolved Aluminum in Freshwater. Aquatic Geochemistry 8: 255-275.