Syntaxonomical Analyses of the SecondaryVegetation of Harran Plain (Sanliurfa/Turkey)Ensuing Excessive Irrigation by Using GIS andRemote Sensing
OMER FARUK KAYA, ESAT CETIN, MURAT AYDOGDU, OSMAN KETENOGLU, VAGIF ATAMOV
Issue: 75, Pages: 1-14, Year: 2010
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2010.751
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
This study has been conducted for the purpose o f determining the halophytic and ruderal vegetation located in the study area where secondary salinization occurs due to excessive irrigation and evaporation o f the irrigation water leaking from surrounding lands o f the agricultural territory in Akçakale region on Turkish-Syrian borders in the southern part o f Harran plain and its periphery. Analysis o f the vegetation has been conducted by using B raun-Blanquet method. Structures and limits o f the vegetation mosaic o f present associations were determined by Geographic information system (GIS) and Satellite remote sensing data. As a result o f this study, the following were found: a new alliance belonging to halophytic vegetation, Halothamno hierochunticae-Salsolion incanescentis and two new associations, Halothamno hierochunticae-Salsoletum incanescentis and Hymenolobo procumbentis-Aeluropetum lagopoidis and two new associations belonging to ruderal vegetation, Frankenio pulverulentae-Chenopodietum albi and Prosopo farctae-Alhagietum manniferae.
Keywords: Excessive irrigation, halophyte, Harran plain, ruderal, syntaxonomy
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The Effects of Negative Air Ions upon Some Biochemical Parameters in Rats
HAYRULLAH KOSE, KAMIL SEYREK, FUNDA KIRAL
Issue: 75, Pages: 15-19, Year: 2010
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2010.752
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Negative air ions (NAI) are capable o f evoking a wide range o f responses in bacteria, protozoa, higher plants, insects and animals, as well as in humans. However, their precise mechanism o f action is uncertain. There is evidence to show that NAI are able to influence mood, behaviour, and performance of certain tasks.
In this study, rats were pu t into two groups, a control and an experimental group. Animals in the experimental group were exposed to an atmosphere enriched with NAI for four weeks. At the end o f the experiment, we determined the blood glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), ceruloplasmin, hemoglobin and packed cell volume (PCV) concentrations o f the rats. MDA concentrations in the experimental group were lower than that o f the control animals (4.02 p,mol/l and 5.11 p,mol/l, respectively). Likewise, in the experimental animals, ceruloplasmin levels were also reduced from 33.18 mg/dl to 26.27 mg/dl, whereas no alterations in hemoglobin or glutathione concentrations were detected. An increase from 43.80 % to 46.10 % was shown in the PCV content o f the experimental rats. In addition, the mean weight gain of the experimental group was less than that o f the control group. However, in terms o f these parameters, we were unable to detect any significant differences between the two groups. In conclusion, contrary to some in vitro studies, this in vivo animal study suggests that NAI has limited or no effect upon certain biochemical parameters.
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Cytotoxic Effect of Cypermethrin on Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Larval Hemocytes
FEVZI UCKAN, OLGA SAK
Issue: 75, Pages: 20-26, Year: 2010
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2010.753
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The effects of cypermethrin on the hemocytes of pupal endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) feeding on its host Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was evaluated after treatment of the host larvae with different sub-lethal doses o f the insecticide. Four hemocyte types; prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, and adipohemocytes were identified in parasitoid last instars hemolymph, based on morphological criteria. Dose-dependent changes in the frequencies o f mitosis, apoptosis, and micronuclei in hemocytes were determined and compared. Cypermethrin exposure reduced the mitotic activity yet increased the apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Mean frequencies per dose in the hemocytes decreased from 27 to 1%o and increased from 22 to 113%o for mitosis and apoptosis, respectively. Micronucleated cells were rare but their frequency increased in a dose-dependent manner. The decrease in mitosis along with the rapid increase in apoptosis in wasp hemocytes suggests that parasitoids may consume more energy and their defense mechanism may be destroyed due to the depletion in the hemocyte number.
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Insecticidal Activity of Some Synthetic Pyrethroids with Different Rates of Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO) Combinations on Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
HUSEYIN CETIN, ESREF DEMIR, SERAP KOCAOGLU, BULENT KAYA
Issue: 75, Pages: 27-32, Year: 2010
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2010.754
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO) is an insecticide synergist inhibiting the detoxification enzymes within insect tissues. PBO itself is not an insecticide, it is added to increase the potential effect o f insecticides and it has an important role in reducing resistance levels and insecticide application rates. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster laboratory populations were exposed to the synthetic pyrethroids (Cypermethrin, Cyphenothrin, Deltamethrin and Permethrin) either alone or in combinations with different rates o f piperonyl butoxide (PBO). O u r results showed that the mixture o f pyrethroids and PBO caused an increase in the mortality and knock down values and decreased knock down times more than pyrethroid alone, on D. melanogaster in a dose dependent manner up to a certain dosage. The results suggest that PBO ratios in insecticide formulations should be determined with efficiency tests according to pest species, active materials and resistance ratios.
Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, insecticidal activity, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), synthetic pyrethroids
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Comparison of Soil Properties Between Pure and Mixed Uludag Fir (Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmülleriana Mattf.) Stands in Ilgaz Mountain National Park
CEYHUN GOL, MERIC CAKIR, ABDULLAH BARAN
Issue: 75, Pages: 33-40, Year: 2010
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2010.755
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this research some physical and chemical properties o f the soils were analyzed under pure U lu dağ Fir (Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmülleriana Mattf.), which is an endemic species o f Turkey, and U lu dağ Fir-Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L) mixed stands in Ilgaz Mountain National Park in Turkey. Field studies were conducted on 12 sample areas (6 pure U ludağ Fir, 6 U ludağ Fir-Scots Pine mixed stands). A total o f 24 soil samples from the depth o f 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm were gathered from pure U lu dağ Fir and U ludağ Fir-Scots Pine mixed stands. According to the results o f the research organic matter content, quantity o f clay and moisture content at critical moisture tensions in the soils under the U lu dağ Fir have found to be higher than the soils o f U lu d ağ Fir-Scots Pine mixed stands. Soil reaction (pH) o f the soils o f both o f the two forest constitutes has showed a medium acidic and slight acidic character and values o f bulk density were lower in 0-15 cm soil depth than those o f 15-30 cm.
Keywords: Forest constitute, Ilgaz Mountain National Park, Scots pine, soil properties, U lu dağ fir.
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Gaziantep İlinde Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Atık Suları ile Sulanan Bazı Tarım Bitkilerinde Kurşun (Pb) Miktarlarının Belirlenmesi
FEYZA NUR KAFADAR, Saadet SAYGIDEGER
Issue: 75, Pages: 41-48, Year: 2010
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2010.756
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study, it was aimed to mesaure the level o f contamination in some agricultural plants in Gaziantep caused by the lead (Pb) content in waste water used to irrigate these plants. Because o f this; the lead (Pb) content in soil and different parts (root, stem and leaves) o f some o f the agricultural plants like tomato, green pepper, eggplant and maize (Lycopersicum esculentum L., Capsicum annuum L., Solanum melongena, Zea mays L.) which are commonly grown and consumed by villagers collected from Karahöyük and Salkım villages were determined with wet ashing method and mesaured with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy o f 231,31 nm wavelength. Pb contents o f water, soil and the plants were compered with soil and the plants collected from Bostancık village irrigated with clean water. It was determined that the Pb contents increased significantly at P < 0.05 level in all plant samples, soil and water compered with the control region in two years repeated investigations. Besides; the lead content in these plants was determined in the order o f root>stem>lea£
Keywords: Accumulation, agricultural plants, Gaziantep, lead, stress
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Çöp Sızıntı Sularındaki Muhtelif Bazı Kirleticilerin Toprak ile Etkileşimi: Sinop Örneği
EMRE BURCU OZKAROVA GUNGOR
Issue: 75, Pages: 49-57, Year: 2010
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2010.757
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
For the investigation of current situation and the contamination potential of pollutants after interaction with soil, a research has been carried out at a dumping site used for the disposal o f most solid waste generated at the Sinop Peninsula. Research results revealed that the soil samples were mainly composed of fine sand and that their heavy metal contents were not exceeding the limit values o f the Soil Pollution Control Regulation. Leachate soil interaction studies showed that the behaviour of the pollutants in the leachate were different from each other with respect to time. Zinc was continuously removed from solution, whereas copper present in the soil matrix was additionally released into the leachate. Changes in the COD parameter were observed with respect to sorption-desorption behaviour. Evaluating the effect of soil quantity on the contaminant removal represented a continuous increase with decreasing trend for zinc and chromium and a steady removal for the COD parameter. Copper present in the leachate was inclined to stay in solution despite the increasing soil quantity. Removal of pollutants from the leachate after interaction with soil were in the order o f zinc (< %95), chromium (< %82), nickel (< %31), COD (< %27) and copper (< %11). Statistical evaluations represented that removals were dependent on the affinity o f soils to pollutants rather than the concentrations o f pollutants in leachate. Comparison among soils reflected higher results for the soil with higher fine sand content (D-20). The study indicated to the different potential of pollutants to contaminate the soil and groundwater.
Keywords: Contaminant behaviour, interaction, leachate, removal, soil
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Ankara'nın Batısındaki Tarım Topraklarında USLE ile Erozyon Boyutunun Tespiti
ERDİHAN TUNÇ, DIETMAR SCHRÖDER
Issue: 75, Pages: 58-63, Year: 2010
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2010.758
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine the erosion level in agricultural lands in the wester part o f Ankara and to make suggestions relating to prevent erosion. Soil samples from 0-40 cm depth in selected particular stations were taken and analyzed for several parameters o f erosion. The level o f erosion in agricultural lands in the west o f Ankara was determined by Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and it was found that sampled soils have a low organic matter, low permeability, high amount o f silt and high erodibility. Soil loss in stations was found to be between 21.8 t/ha/year and 37.6 t/ha/year. These results indicated that the erosion level is much over the acceptible limits and there is a need for the development o f solution strategies immediately. Acceleration o f erosion research and applications will aid to the fight with erosion which can be accepted as the most important environmental problem o f our country.
Keywords: Erodibility, erosion, soil, USLE
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Biomonitoring of Trace Elements with Lichens in Samsun City, Turkey
KADIR KINALIOGLU, TUGBA BAYRAK OZBUCAK, HAMDI GURAY KUTBAY, RENA HUSEYINOVA, ALI BILGIN, ALI DEMIRAYAK
Issue: 75, Pages: 64-70, Year: 2010
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2010.759
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Lichens have been widely used in biomonitoring studies. In this study, Cd, Cu, Pb and Z n concentrations in some foliose and fruticose lichens which are found in Samsun were investigated and the differences among the species in terms of trace element concentrations and possible interactions among heavy metals were also examined. The results o f the present study show that the study area is polluted by Pb and Cd. The cadmium contamination levels were also higher than those o f the other elements. The highest Pb (101.39 ppm), Cu (43 ppm) and Z n (67.60 ppm) levels were found in Physcia adscendes. In addition to this, Hypogymnia physodes is one o f the foliose species and the best accumulator o f Cd (245.73 ppm) as compared to the other species.
Keywords: Biomonitoring, foliose lichens, fruticose lichens, trace elements
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The Effects of Solid, Liquid and Combined Cattle Manure Applications on the Yield, Quality and Mineral Contents of Common Vetch and Barley Intercropping Mixture
HALIL YOLCU, ADEM GUNES, MAHMUT DASCI, METIN TURAN, YUNUS SERIN
Issue: 75, Pages: 71-81, Year: 2010
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2010.7510
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects o f solid, liquid and the combination o f solid and liquid cattle manure applications on the yield, quality and mineral content o f common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) + barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) intercropping mixture in 2006-2007 at Gümüşhane, Turkey. The treatments were control (no manure), two liquid (L1 = 10 000 L ha-1 liquid cattle manure and L2 = 20 000 L ha-1 liquid cattle manure), two solid (S1 = 20 ton ha-1 solid cattle manure, S2= 40 ton ha-1 solid cattle manure) and four different combinations o f liquid and solid cattle manure applications (S@1 = 20 ton ha-1 solid cattle manure + 10 000 L ha-1 liquid cattle manure, S1L2 = 20 ton ha-1 solid cattle manure + 20 000 L ha-1 liquid cattle manure, S2L1 = 40 ton ha-1 solid cattle manure + 10 000 L ha-1 liquid cattle manure, and S2L2 = 40 ton ha-1 solid cattle manure + 20 000 L ha-1 liquid cattle manure). Total forage dry matter yield (TFDMY), crude protein content (CP), crude protein yield (CPY), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), dry matter intake (DMI), dry digestible matter (DDM), relative feed value (RFV) and mineral contents (Mg, Ca, K, P, Na, Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu) were determined to evaluate the effects o f different cattle manure applications on intercropping mixtures. Solid, liquid and the combined cattle manure treatments had no effect on the TFDMY, CPY, ADF, NDF, DMI, DDM, RFV Mg, Ca, K, Mn and Z n o f the intercropping mixture except CP (p<0.01), P (p<0.01), Na (p<0.05), Fe (p<0.05) and Cu (p<0.05) in the first year. The treatments had significant effects on T f Dm Y (p<0.01), c P (p<0.01), ADF (p<0.05), N D F (p<0.01), DMI (p<0.01), DDM (p<0.05), RFV (p<0.01) and Z n (p<0.01) values o f the intercropping mixture except CPY, Mg, Ca, K, P, Na, Mn, Fe and Cu in the second year. The results o f the study revealed that the common vetch and barley intercropping mixture can be fertilized with 40 ton ha-1 solid cattle manure to improve the yield and quality. But if mineral content o f forage is more important than yield and quality for the farmer, then it may be fertilized with 20 ton ha-1 solid cattle manure.
Keywords: Common vetch, intercropping mixture, liquid cattle manure, solid cattle manure
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Çevresel Bir Kirletici Olan Genisteinin Drosophila Melanogaster Üzerine Genotoksik Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi
HAKAN ASKIN, HANDAN UYSAL, DENIZ ALTUN, ARIF AYAR
Issue: 75, Pages: 82-87, Year: 2010
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2010.7511
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Genistein is a phytoestrogen that aquatic environment contaminant and is found in a wide variety o f plantderived foods especially in soybeans and soy-based foods. In this study, the potential genotoxic effects o f genistein which available from several factories waste were researched via using Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART). Third-instar larvae trans-heterozygous for two genetic markers mwh and jlr, were treated by different concentrations (1, 3, 5 ve 10/uM) o f genistein. According to our results, depending on the concentration increased, especially in small single type, the total mwh and the total clones positive results were observed. Consequently, the results o f this study indicate that genistein was highly genotoxic in the SMART assay
Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, environmental pollutant, genistein, genotoxicity, SMART
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Turkish Red Pine as a Biomonitor: A Comparative Study of the Accumulation of Trace Elements in the Needles and Bark
YUNUS DOGAN, ILKER UGULU, SULEYMAN BASLAR
Issue: 75, Pages: 88-96, Year: 2010
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2010.7512
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The increase in industrial activities and human population and the high urbanization in the study area have made the area one of the most rapidly developing areas in Turkey. However, because of this, environmental problems have rapidly increased in Western Anatolia. The Pinus brutia (Pinaceae) (Turkish red pine) is a widespread evergreen tree in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Turkey. The needles and bark of P! brutia were tested as a possible biomonitor of trace element pollution in Western Anatolia. Samples were collected from 30 different stations in the industrial, suburban, roadside, rural and control areas. Throughout the region, an area covering approximately 1/8th of Turkey was investigated. The concentration of lead, cadmium, chromium, iron, nickel and copper (ig g-1, dry weight) in the needles and bark of the red pine was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The highest concentration of all these elements was measured in the industrial areas. The maximum values of Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Cu for the needles of P brutia in these areas was 12.1, 0.54, 12.12, 595.5, 10.4, and 10.1 ig g-1 in dry weight, respectively and for the bark of P brutia in these areas was 20.03, 0.71, 3.17, 1274.04, 18.87, and 15.30 ig g-1 in dry weight, respectively. This study demonstrates that the bark of P. brutia can be used as a biomonitor for detecting the heavy metal pollution in a specific area instead of the needles.
Keywords: Bark, needle, Pinus brutia, trace element, Western Anatolia
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