Organik Domates Yetiştiriciliğinde Çiftlik Gübresi, Mikrobiyal Gübre ve Bitki Aktivatörü Kullanımının Verim ve Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri
Huseyin Padem, Hüsnü ÜNLÜ
Issue: 73, Pages: 1-9, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.731
[Abstract]
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[References]
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out at Süleyman Demirel University Agricultural Research and Experimental Station to compare the effects of conventional and organic production systems on yield, quality and plant characteristics of Joker F1 determinate tomato cultivar. First, four different doses (0-70-140-210 m3/ha) of the manure applications in both conventional and organic production were compared. Then, two plant activators (Crop-Set and ISR 2000), two microbial fertilizers (Bionem and Natural Bioplasma) and all possible combinations of these two were compared in organic production only. At the end of the experiments, it was observed that yield ranged from 48.7 to 72.3 tons/ha and early yield ranged from 26.5 to 47.2 tons/ha. The average fruit weight was between 143.26-167.02 g. At the end of the experiment, the applications resulted considerable variations in vitamin C (15.91-23.70 mg/100 g), soluble solid content (% 3.52-4.18), firmness (1.46-1.87 kg/cm2) and titratable aciditiy (% 0.232-0.428).
Keywords: Farm manure, microbial fertilizer, organic growing, plant activator, tomato
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Bitki Örtüsü ve Yetişme Ortamı İlişkilerinin Yorumlanmasında Atama ve Sınıflandırma Yöntemlerinin Kullanımı: Çukurova Deltaları Örneği
Y. Ünlükaplan, Kemal Tuluhan Yılmaz
Issue: 73, Pages: 10-20, Year: 2009
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study, using multivariate statistical technics to associate biological and physical environment, thus integrating multivariate statistical technics with ecological studies have been targeted. To this end, species which represent the vegetation in coastal zone, selected as the study area, called "Cukurova Deltas", and sample areas have been classified with respect to their similarities. In this context, clustered analysis as a classification method has been conducted with the PC-ORD 4.10. 85 sample areas which took place in the vegetation analysis records have been aggregated to 2 main groups, ruderal and semi-natural. Ruderal areas have formed a distinct group in theirselves while semi- natural areas have aggregated to 4 sub-groups (clusters). The results of the cluster analysis to observe the distribution of 181 plant taxons acquired from the sample areas indicate 14 sub-groups under 2 main groups.
The canonical correspondence analysis has been conducted with MVSP 3.13I to put forward the magnitude of the relationship between sample areas, species and environmental variables like biotope type, number of species, total covertness, elevation and slope. In this study, it has been reached that biotope type and total covertness have been the most important environmental variables while slope has been relatively less important considering area and species forming.
Keywords: Canonical correspondence analysis, classification, cluster analysis, Cukurova deltas, multivariate statistical analysis technics, ordination
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Ankara Şehir Atmosferinde Biyoaerosol Seviyelerinin Mekansal Değişimi
Sibel MENTEŞE, Abbas Yousefi RAD, Münevver ARISOY, Gülen GÜLLÜ
Issue: 73, Pages: 21-28, Year: 2009
[Abstract]
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[References]
ABSTRACT
Bioaerosol samples were collected from 10 different districts (Beytepe, Tandoðan, Dikimevi, Kýzýlay, Dikmen, Ulus, Altýndað, Kalaba, Ývedik and Demetevler) of Ankara city. In this study, spatial variation of both bacteria and mold levels and species were investigated in which ambient bioaerosol samples collected from these areas and influence of meteorological factors on bioaerosol levels were estimated by modeling. Total bacteria concentrations ranged between 160 and 1560 CFU m-3. Temperature values were between 27 and 40ºC; relative humidity values were 10-40% and CO2 concentrations varied between 310 and 353 ppm, which were measured simultaneously with the sampling. Total mold levels ranged between 40 and 85 CFU m2. The most predominant bacteria species observed in all districts were Micrococcus spp. and Bacillus species, while the most abundant mold were Exophiala, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Cladosporium. According to regression model, it was estimated that meteorological factors affected both levels of bacteria and mold (p<0.05). Total bacteria level varied with temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation flux and pressure (r2=0.90), while total mold level varied with wind speed and solar radiation flux (r2=0.70).
Keywords: Bacteria, bioaerosol, mold, urban atmosphere
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Bitlis İli İçme Sularının Bazı Mikrobiyolojik ve Fizikokimyasal Özellikleri
Süleyman ALEMDAR, Tahir KAHRAMAN, Sema AĞAOĞLU, Mustafa ALİŞARLI
Issue: 73, Pages: 29-38, Year: 2009
[Abstract]
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[References]
ABSTRACT
In the present study, microbiological and physicochemical qualities of drinking water obtained from the city of Bitlis and its provinces (Adilcevaz, Ahlât, Güroymak, Hizan and Tatvan) were studied. A total of 164 water samples, collected from tank and tap waters in spring and autumn, were used as material. Aerobic plate counts were carried out by pour plate technique. While membrane filtration method was used for the counts of enterococcus, coliform, E. coli and sulphite reducing anaerobic bacteria and standard methods were recruited for physicochemical analysis. The results of physicochemical analysis of water samples were found to be in conformity with the standard regulations. Microbiological results of water, however, did not comply with required standards since the findings showed 30% enterococci, 12% coliform, 24% sulphite reducing anaerobic and 8% E. coli. The mean values of pH, Na and Mg, and presence of bacteria except E. coli were higher in autumn than spring. Effect of residential areas on aerobic plate count, coliform and E. coli were found to be insignificant (p>0.05), the effects on all other variables were found to be significant (p<0.05).
Keywords: Bitlis, microbiological, physicochemical, water pollution
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Arıtma Çamurlarının Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Toprak Düzenleyicisi olarak Kullanımı
İlker ANGIN, A.Vahap YAĞANOĞLU
Issue: 73, Pages: 39-47, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.735
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The effect of sewage sludge application on some soil physical and chemical properties was studied between years 2004 and 2007 in Igdir plain (Aralik), Turkey. The experiments were conducted using a complete randomized block design with three replications in 12 plots, each measuring 3.0 m x 3.0 m (9 m2). Anaerobic digested sewage sludge, obtained from wastewater treatment plant of Municipality of Ankara, was mixed to the arable layer (0 - 25 cm) of the experimental site in July 2004 in the rates of 0 (Control), 4, 8 and 12 t da-1 dry weight of sewage sludge, no sewage sludge application was made after this date. Application of sewage sludge to saline-sodic soil enhanced not only soil physical properties but also chemical properties. However, this effect has changed with years and application rates. Considering the physical and chemical properties, the most effective application ratio was found as 12 t da-1. But these positive effects were not reached to desired levels in soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Therefore, application of sewage sludge to saline-sodic soils should be done after reclamation. Results obtained have showed that sewage sludge is an alternative way to improve soil physical and chemical properties and productivity, as well as to protect environmental pollution.
Keywords: Sewage sludge, soil physical and chemical properties
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Kültür Mantarı (Agaricus bisporus(L.) Sing.) Yetiştiriciliğinde Çay Atığı ve Buğday Sapı Karışımından Hazırlanan Kompostların Kullanımı
Aysun PEKŞEN, Atilla GÜNAY
Issue: 73, Pages: 48-54, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.736
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to determine the effects of composts prepared by different ratios of tea waste (TW) and wheat straw (WS) (1TW:3WS, 2TW:2WS, 3TW:1WS, 4TW and 4WS) on mycelium growth, mushroom yield and some quality properties of Agaricus bisporus mushroom. In the research, compost properties such as pH, moisture, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and some mineral contents and C:N ratios were determined at the end of the pastorization process.
The highest total mushroom yield was obtained from 2TW:2WS ( 227.26 kg/t compost) compost. It was determined that mushroom yields of composts prepared by tea waste alone and it's mixtures of wheat straw were higher than compost prepared by wheat straw (control). It was found that the effects of composts on average mushroom weight, dry matter and protein content were highly significant.
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Tuzla Çayı ve Tercan Baraj Gölündeki Capoeta capoeta umbla HECKEL,1843'nın Bazı Biyo-Ekolojik Özellikleri ile Total Yağ ve Yağ asitleri Kompozisyonlarının Karşılaştırılması
N. Mevlüt ARAS, Muharrem GÜNEŞ, Abdulkadir BAYIR, A. NEcdet SİRKECİOĞLU, H. İbrahim HALİLOĞLU
Issue: 73, Pages: 55-64, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.737
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out in 630 individual of Capoeta capoeta umbla populations caught from Tercan Dam Lake and Tuzla Stream between February 2006 and January 2007. It was determined that there were similiarities with respect to lenght distributions (9.6 - 34.5; 9.5 - 35.3), b value from length - weight relationships (2.45 - 2.67), condition factors (1.18±0.01 - 1.17 ± 0.01), Von Bertalanffy constants L , K, to (52.15 - 0.137 - -1.351; 41.11 - 0.20 - -0.54) of lake and stream populations respectively, the differencs were also not significant in all compared properties. The most affected bio-ecological trait was reproduction times. Total fat values were hihger in females than in males, but seasonally it was vice versa (38% - 27%). Significant seasonal differences were determined with respect to total SFA (saturated fatty acids), MUFA (monoenoic unsaturated fatty acids, n-3, n-6 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) (p < 0.05).
Keywords: Fatty Acids, Capoeta capoeta umbla, Tercan Dam,Tuzla Stream
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The Environmental Effect of a Land-Based Trout Farm on Yuvarlakçay, Turkey
Ahmet Adem TEKİNAY, Derya GÜROY, Nazan ÇEVİK
Issue: 73, Pages: 65-70, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.738
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to assess the environmental impact of one of the biggest flow-through rainbow trout farms located in South-Western Turkey between February and December 2006. The feeding water is obtained from the Yuvarlakçay Stream (Muðla, Turkey) at a mean flow rate of 2.86 Litre s-1 per ton of the annual fish production (700 t year-1) with drum filtration used for the effluent treatment of the farm. Bi-monthly sampling was conducted from the inlet and discharge water (before and after treatment) at the same hour of each sampling day. No significant differences in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were found in the effluent, although these parameters were found to have increased in the discharged water. The dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH of the effluent water were found to be significantly affected by the fish farming activities. The effluent treatment efficiencies were found to be 7.77% for TP, 8.67% for TN, 16.58% for BOD5, and 13.16% for COD, respectively. The annual TP load of the trout farm after effluent treatment was found to be 5.68 kg P per ton of fish produced, and 5.30 kg P per ton of feed used, respectively. The average TP load without any effluent treatment determined via chemical and biological methods was 7.66 and 10.46 kg P per ton of fish produced, respectively.
Keywords: Environmental impact, phosphorus load, trout farming, water quality
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İnsan Saçında Bulunan (Manisa İlinin Üç Farklı Yerleşim Bölgesinde) Bazı Ağır Metallerin ICP-OES Yöntemi ile Tayini
Ali ÇELİK, Yüksel ABALI, Gökhan EDGÜNLÜ, Selim UZUNOĞLU, V. Nükhet TİRTOM
Issue: 73, Pages: 71-75, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.739
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the levels of As, Cd, Mn, Cr, Fe, Pb, Hg, Zn and Se in hair samples collected from the nape of the neck of voluntary people living or working in the industrial region, city center and countryside of Manisa province. The concentrations of As, Cd, Mn, Cr, Fe, Pb, Se, Zn were determined by ICP-OES. The measured values of trace elements in human hair samples were compatible to the reference values given in the literature. The measured values of As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Se and Pb were found below the detection limit of the method. Zn, Mn and Fe were statistically analysed and evaluated. When the Fe and Mn values of the hair samples collected from the industrial region were compared with the data from both the city center and countryside (ANOVA), the differences were meaningful and significant, but the differences for Zn between the industrial region, city center and countryside were found to be insignificant.
Keywords: ANOVA, hair analyses, heavy metal, ICP-OES
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Klorofil- a, Çevresel Parametreler ve Besin Elementlerinin Günlük Değişimleri: Sarıçay Akarsuyu Örneği (Çanakkale,Türkiye)
Serpil ODABAŞI, Yeşim BÜYÜKATEŞ
Issue: 73, Pages: 76-85, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.7310
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationships among chlorophyll-a, environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, Ammonia-nitrogen and Silicate (TN, TP, NH4 and SiO2 , respectively) between 8 July and 6 August, 2004 in Sarýçay Creek. During sampling periods, temperature values followed the usual seasonal values, while DO and pH changed considerably , and ranged between 1,23-13,1 mg l-1 and 7,48-9,33, respectively. Chlorophyll-a concentration changed between 0,98-34,45 μg l-1, while TP, TN, NH4 and SiO2 ranged between 0,21-0,91 mg l-1, 4,78-107,24 mg l-1, 0,04-3,68 mg l-1, 0,16-22,4 mg l-1, respectively. There was no significant correlation among chlorophyll-a and nutrients. However, there was significant correlation between environmental parameters, such as pH (p=0,23), temperature (p=0,28), DO (p=0,23) and chlorophyll-a (p<0.01). Results of the environmental parameters indicated that the pollution level increased irregularly in a short time and there was on instant reverse relation between inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll-a.
Keywords: chlorophyll-a, Çanakkale, environmental parameters, nutrients, Sarýçay Creek
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İstanbul'a Uzun Mesafeli Atmosferik Taşınım Etkilerinin Araştırılması: Solunabilen Partikül Madde Epizotları
İsmail ANIL, Ferhat KARACA, Omar ALAGHA
Issue: 73, Pages: 86-97, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.7311
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study PM10 profile of Istanbul atmosphere was investigated. The main scope of this study is to determine the effects of long-range PM10 transport and/or regional PM10 transport to Istanbul. For this purpose PM10 concentration data of 10 air quality monitoring stations belonging to Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) were examined. First of all the effects of local sources on Istanbul's PM10 profile were evaluated in detail. Then long-range PM10 transport events were studied. A new method with the data obtained from all the stations, which are simultaneously examined, has been suggested to differentiate effects of long-range PM10 transport (LRPMT) from effects of local PM10 sources. By using this method, LRPMT driven 96 episodic events were determined over Istanbul atmosphere in 2008. Daily PM10 target value of 50 µg/m3, which will enter into force 01.01.2009 by national regulation, was frequently exceeded during these episodic events. Three of four, about 74%, of the episodic events were observed in winter and spring seasons. Movements of the air parcels causing episodic events were analyzed by using HYSPLIT model. Back trajectories of air masses reaching Istanbul for each episodic event were calculated by this model runs. Finally, individual evaluations were made for each season of 2008. It was found that long-range PM10 transport showed significant seasonal variations.
Keywords: Back trajectory model, correlation statistics, long-range atmospheric transport, meteorology, PM10
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Triticum aestivum L. cv. Tosunbeye Uygulanan Kurşunun Bazı Fizyolojik Özelliklere Etkisi
Muhittin DOĞAN, Uğur ÇOLAK
Issue: 73, Pages: 98-104, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.7312
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this research, effects of different lead concentrations (0, 10, 100 mg/L), one of toxic metals, applied in hydroponic medium on some physiological characteristics of bread wheat variety Tosunbey were investigated. It was determined by root and shoot lengths measurements that lead stress inhibited growth and development in the wheat. Lead concentrations of root and shoot in the wheat variety were determined to be increased by applied Pb concentration. On the other side lead stress decreased photosynthetic pigment amounts of the wheat leaves. Applied lead reduced protein and phenolic compound amounts of root and shoots of the plant. Although ascorbic acid amount of roots increased in the effect of Pb, decline was determined in shoots. As a result of lead application increases in non-protein SH groups and proline amounts in root and shoots may show their roles in plant response to lead toxicity.
Keywords: Lead accumulation, physiological effect, Triticum aestivum L. cv. Tosunbey
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