A Study of Trace Element Contents in Plants Growing at Honaz Dagi-Denizli, Turkey
Suleyman BASLAR, İbrahim KULA, Yunus DOGAN, Dilek YILDIZ, Gungor AY
Issue: 72, Pages: 1-7, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.721
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Denizli is one of the rapidly developing states in the West Anatolian Region of Turkey. Keeping this in view, 30 different plants were selected to study their potential as biomonitors of trace elements like Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Fe and Mn (μg g-1, dry weight). The samples were collected from two different altitudes of Honaz Dagi, a mauntain overlooking at state of Denizli. The concentrations of trace elements were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The mean concentrations determined at 1000 m altitude ranged between 0.273 to 0.488, 0.099 to 0.488, 0.306 to 0.682, 1.017 to 3.744, and 0.148 to 0.674 (μg g-1, dry weight), of Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe and Mn, respectively. At 1600 m altitude, the values ranged between 0.225 to 0.534, 0.150 to 0.842, 0.234 to 0.905, 1.082 to 3.864 and 0.023 to 0.982 (μg g-1, dry weight) of Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, Pb and Mn, respectively. No Cd was detected at both altitudes.
Keywords: FAAS, Honaz Dagi, plant, trace element
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The Succession, Habitat Affinity, and Life-forms of Epiphytic Bryophytes in the Turkish Oak (Quercus cerris) Forests on Mount Musa
Tulay Ezer, Recep Kara, Atabay Duzenli
Issue: 72, Pages: 8-15, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.722
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
We studied the epiphytic bryophytes in the deciduous Quercus cerris forests on Mount Musa in the southern part of the Amanos Mountain Range. An Index of Ecological Significance (IES) was used to evaluate the ecological importance of the species in the epiphytic habitats. In a total of 94 quadrats, 4 dm2 each, we observed 25 species of bryophytes (6 liverworts, 19 mosses) in six different life-forms. Species affinity for the epiphytic habitat and their life-forms were evaluated along a gradient of height and the gradient of age of the host tree. Brachythecium rutabulum, Brachytheciastrum velutinum, Homalia trichomanioides, and Lophocolea heterophylla were only found on young trees, Grimmia pulvinata only on middle-aged trees, and Isothecium alopecuroides, Syntrichia montana, Frullania tamarisci, and Porella platyphylla on aged trees.
Keywords: Amanos mountain range, epiphyte communities, liverworts, Mediterranean forests, mosses, Turkey
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Effects of Two Plant Extracts on the Damage of Meloidogyne incognita in Tomato Plants
Galip Kaşkavalcı, Hasan Sungur Civelek
Issue: 72, Pages: 16-22, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.723
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The effects of the aqueous extracts of Euphorbia myrsinites (Euphorbiaceae) and Urginea maritima (Liliaceae) on the damage of Meloidogyne incognita (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) to tomato plants was evaluated. The trials were conducted in two series in climatized rooms and in greenhouse conditions. The results of both the climatized rooms and greenhouse trials are parallel each other. All dilutions (1:100, 2:100 and 4:100 v v-1) of the extracts applied to the soil reduced the root galling caused by M. incognita and enhanced tomato yield compared to an untreated control. Efficacy of the highest concentration (4:100 v v-1) of both extracts on the control of M. incognita was similar to the positive chemical control (Oxamyl). The highest concentration of U. maritima was superior to the extracts of E. myrsinites. Aqueous extracts from these two plants reduced the damage of root-knot nematodes.
Keywords: Euphorbia myrsinites, Meloidogyne incognita, plant extract, tomato, Urginea maritima
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Effects of Alternative Control Methods Against Meloidogyne incognita in Organic Tomato Production
Galip Kaşkavalcı, Yüksel Tüzel, Onur Dura, Gölgen B. Öztekin
Issue: 72, Pages: 23-31, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.724
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The effects of some alternative control methods consisting of biofumigation, intercropping with attractive plants, grafting, solarization or biological nematicides against Meloidogyne incognita in organic tomato production were evaluated in two successive short growing cycles (2007 autumn and 2008 spring) in unheated greenhouse conditions. Eight treatments were investigated in both growing seasons while four treatments were the same in each year, two were different. Soil solarization was applied for 6 weeks with a covering of 110 μm thickness of clear polyethylene sheets. For the biofumigation treatments, all the plant parts of the broccoli (Brassica olerace var. italica) (14 t ha-1) or the leaves and fruits of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) (2.5 t ha-1) were added to the soil one week before planting the tomatoes. The American Marigold plant (Tagetes erecta) seedlings were transplanted to the plots one week before planting as an intercrop with the tomato plants. As a biological nematicide, BioAct® [Paecilomyces lilacinus, strain 251: 62.5 g kg-1, 1010 cfu g-1 LD 50>5000 mg kg-1 cfu mL-1 (Boyut Foreign Trade Ltd, Turkey)] was applied three times at the firm's recommended rates. Organic manure, acting as a biological nematicide namely Netisin® (BioGlobal Company, Turkey), was applied at a rate of 10 kg ha-1 using a drip irrigation system to the soil twice. In both seasons root galling caused by M. incognita was lower (1.90 in autumn and 2.95 in spring) in the grafted tomato plants on the rootstock Beaufort than the other treatments. In terms of yield, among the tested treatments, grafting (0.922 kg plant-1 in autumn and 1.785 kg plant-1 in spring) and biofumigation with R. communis in autumn (0.924 kg plant-1) and biofumigation with broccoli in the spring (2.315 kg plant-1) gave higher yields. The overall results showed that biofumigation with broccoli and grafting could be used efficiently against M. incognita in organic agriculture production.
Keywords: Brassica olerace var. italica, grafting, Meloidogyne incognita, Ricinus communis, Tagetes erecta
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New Ex Situ Collection of Rare and Threatened Medicinal Plants in the Pirin Mts. (Bulgaria)
Ekaterina KOZUHAROVA
Issue: 72, Pages: 32-44, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.725
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
This study reports the results of our efforts to create a stable and vigorous collection of rare and endemic plants from the Pirin Mountains on a plot located at Dobrinishte village (the North-East foothills of the Pirin) from 2005 to 2008. Some threatened plants from the Pirin Mountains well known for their medicinal properties were included in the ex situ collection. Here we share our observations on the pre-adaptation of adult plants and our experience in growing seedlings. Adult plants were transplanted from their native populations in the summer of 2005 and they developed amazingly well. A total of 88.2% of the transplants survived until the next season and 31.7% of the survivals bloomed the next year. Many of these set seed for the following seasons. Good germination and early stage development was observed for Leontopodium alpinum but later many of the young seedlings did not survive. Linum capitatum demonstrated poor germination without treatment other than stratification. Good germination occurred in Sideritis scardica, Stachys recta, after treatment with gibberellic acid. Germination of Hypericum linarioides was poor. In total 462 seedlings of the studied plant species were prepared for planting in the garden. The seedlings at the 2-6 true leaf stage, were transported to Dobrinishte village and planted singly into the flower beds with fine marble gravel top-dressing (up to 1 cm size). Most transplanted seedling survived the first summer. Although the number of survivals gradually decreased each following year and the critical points were mainly winters seed grown plants bloomed and set seed next seasons. Thus seed was collected for the next year from the flower beds, rather than from nature.
Keywords: Aromatic and medicinal plants, introduction for cultivation, germination
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Atık Bor, Atık Kâğıt ve Perlit Katkılı Sıva Malzemesinin Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu
Turan Batar, N.Sinan Köksal, Ş.Erkan Yersel
Issue: 72, Pages: 45-53, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.726
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study, a new wall plaster product was generated using 0-5% perlite, 0-2.5% waste paper and 3.5- 17.7% waste calcined borax. The optimum ratios for the additives were 3% perlite, 1.5% waste paper and 7.1% waste calcined borax. The new plaster was subjected to mechanical strength and thermal transmittance measurements using TS 825 and TS 12808-3 Turkish standards. Under optimal mixing ratios, the plaster had a thermal conductivity of 0.17 W/m2K and a mechanical strength (bending) of 61.44 kg/cm2. The required standards by TSE 825 are 0.13 W/m2K. When the new product was compared with the existing plasters in the market, it was observed that thermal transmittance and mechanical strength were both increased by 26% and 31%, respectively. Thus, a new environmental-friendly wall plaster product was produced.
Keywords: Calcined tincal, plaster, perlite, waste paper
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Değişik Oktan Sayılı Yakıtların Farklı Gaz Kelebeği Açıklıklarındaki Motor Performansı ve Egzoz Emisyonları
İsmet Çelikten, Selçuk Korkmaz
Issue: 72, Pages: 54-64, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.727
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this experimental study, different octane number fuels, which are selling nowadays, are tested in a spark ignition engine. In the tests, 95, 97 and 100 octane gasoline fuels were used. The experiments were performed at full load and different engine speeds between 1500-4500 1/min with 500 1/min intervals. A four cylinder, four stroke spark ignition engine having 8,8 compression ratio was used in the tests. Engine performance and exhaust emission variations were obtained using higher octane number fuels and different throttle positions without modification of the engine. The results were showed that maximum performance characteristics were obtained with 95 octane number standard fuels. In addition to this, CO and HC emissions were increased and NOx emissions were decreased when higher octane number fuels are used
Keywords: Emissions, octane number, performance, throttle positions
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Trabzon Kentindeki Çizgisel Bitki Kompozisyonlarının Tür Çeşitliliği ile İşlevsel ve Görsel Değerleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Cengiz Acar, Nilgün Ayhan Güneroğlu
Issue: 72, Pages: 65-73, Year: 2009
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2009.728
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Linear plant compositions establish a connection between rural and urban landscapes. The green fields, which are abundant in rural areas, are diminished in urban spaces due to rapid urbanization. This problem can be solved by using linear planting techniques in urbanized places. Nearby establishing green corridors in cities, linear planting serve as very nice visual compositions and provide functionalities. Linear plant compositions, which are quite important for the city, were examined owing to 3 different purposes. The first is the identifying of the plants having been used in linear green compositions. The second is the determining of the functional differences while the last one is preference and visual perception differences depending on users. In this study, totally 32 species were identified. Ligustrum japonicum, Biota orientalis and Hydrangea macrophylla were recorded as the most common species. These linear compositions were used as barrier with the rate of 78% in residential areas and 50% in open green spaces, as border with the rate of 40% in public spaces, as curtain with the rate of 86 in public areas, as separator with the rate of 87% in transportation areas. Visual quality of linear compositions was assessed by using analysis. Statistically reliable (%95) P<0.005 results were found between user and visual quality. As a result, linear plant compositions in Trabzon possess evergreen plant species by 70%. In addition, the linear plant compositions looking aesthetic were identified to be preferred more according to Semantical Differential Technique.
Keywords: Linear plant composition, semantic differential, visual quality
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Köprülü Kanyon Milli Parkı'nda (Antalya) bulunan Bazı Maki türlerinin gelişme formu üzerinde keçi otlamasının etkisi
Çaðatay TAVŞANOĞLU, Ufuk COŞGUN
Issue: 72, Pages: 74-80, Year: 2009
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In the present study, the effect of goat browsing on the growth form of seven maquis species (Olea europea, Phillyrea latifolia, Pistacia terebinthus, Myrtus communis, Quercus coccifera, Juniperus oxycedrus and Arbutus andrachne) in the understorey of Cupressus sempervirens forest of Köprülü Kanyon National Park was examined. Seven goat folds were determined within the study area. How the growth form of individuals of these maquis species change with increasing the distance to folds was studied using a 'grazing index' which is a function of the measurements of height and crown diameter of plants. Of the selected species, a significant negative correlation between the distance to fold and grazing index was found only in J. oxycedrus. The reason of this relationship was that individuals of J. oxycedrus were becoming shorter towards goat folds. It is suggested that such a case may arise from an increase of preference of individuals of J. oxycedrus by goats around the folds that plant abundance is relatively less. Since it is known that an optimal grazing pressure may increase biological diversity in maquis vegetation, it is inevitable to apply sustainable grazing management strategies in these ecosystems. It is possible to detect the level of goat browsing with long-term monitoring studies depended on plant growth forms.
Keywords: Goat browsing, maquis species, plant growth form
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