Commercial and Ethnic Uses of Satureja (Sivri Kekik) Species in Turkey
Fatih Satil, Tuncay Dirmenci, Gulendam Tumen, Yusuf Turan
Issue: 67, Pages: 1-7, Year: 2008
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2008.671
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the commercial Satureja (Sivri kekik) species, gathered amounts, social networks in trade, gathering style, their vernacular names, and local usages in Turkey. The survey was carried out in 17 provinces, 20 towns and 40 villages where the Satureja species have large population. Commercial Satureja was collected from the mentioned fields, along with the information regarding local names, usage, sorting and grading methods obtained questioning the local people. The amount of total commercial Satureja species gathered from Anatolia is around 700-800 tones in a year. The Aegean and Mediterranean regions are the main areas of Satureja collection in Turkey. S. cuneifolia, S. thymbra, S. hortensis and S. spicigera are gathered for trade. Also, S. boissieri, S. coerulea, S. pilosa, S. icarica, S. wiedemanniana, and S. cilicica are gathered only as spices and herbal tea for the local people. Trade of Satureja is an important source of income for people in local region. Satureja species are gathered directly by the local villagers, especially, unemployed people with financial difficulties. Local middlemen coordinate the Satureja collection and then sell the material to companies in the province, and from there it is processed and distributed throughout the country and abroad. Also, threat factors and solution for long term concervation of the commercial Satureja species were determined in this study. Prohibitions or restrictions on their collection are needed.
Keywords: Kekik, plant trading, Satureja, Turkey
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Airborne Pollen Grains in Savastepe (Balikesir)
Aycan Bilisik, Hanife Akyalcin, Adem Bicakci
Issue: 67, Pages: 8-14, Year: 2008
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2008.672
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study, pollen concentrations were monitored in the atmosphere of Savastepe (Balikesir) during 2002 by using gravimetric method. 28 taxa and unidentified pollen grains were recorded. From these taxa, 17 of them belong to arboreal plants (AP), 11 to non arboreal plants (NAP). A total of 4750 pollen grains/cm2 counted in the sampling, of these 4163 pollen/cm2 pertain to arboreal plants (87.64%), 542 pollen/cm2 to non arboreal plants (11.41%) and 45 pollen/cm2 (0.95%) to unidentified. Dominating taxa were: Pinus spp. (58.20%), Cupressaceae/Taxaceae (21.33%), Gramineae (8.19%), Quercus spp. (1.59%), Olea spp. (1.31%), Fraxinus spp. (1.26%) and Abies spp. (1.06%). During the study period, the pollen concentration reached its highest level in April.
Keywords: Pollen, pollen calendar, Savastepe, Turkey
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Daha Etkin Tarım-Çevre Politikaları İçin Homojen Alanların Belirlenmesi: Ege Bölgesi Örneği
Ahmet Sahin, Ela Atis, Bulent Miran
Issue: 67, Pages: 15-23, Year: 2008
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2008.673
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Success in agricultural and environmental policies is closely related to spatial homogeneity. Identifying homogenous provinces based on their agricultural and environmental characteristics in Aegean region is a prerequisite for a successful policy. The purpose of this study is to classify the cities of Ege Region into similar groups with respect to their agricultural and environmental characteristics by means of Multi Dimensional Scaling Method (MDS) and Cluster Analysis. Two and three dimensional MDS positioned the cities from middle to high sufficiency levels. The 12 cities in the region were found to have different agricultural and environmental characteristics. Particularly the two provinces, Muðla and Afyon, are the ones that are significantly different from the other provinces. It is recommended that these two provinces should be taken into consideration separately.
Keywords: Aegean Region, agri-environmental policies, multidimensional scaling
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Çernek Gölü'nün (Samsun) Zooplankton Faunası
Aysel Bekleyen, Beyhan Tas
Issue: 67, Pages: 24-30, Year: 2008
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2008.674
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Çernek lake is one of the most important lakes of Kýzýlýrmak delta that also recognized as a Ramsar Site. During 1996, in zooplakton collected monthly, 10 cladocerans, 3 copepods and 18 rotifers, totally 31 species, have been identified. Of identified species, Diaphanosoma lacustris, Daphnia longispina, Moina micrura, Pleuroxus aduncus, Alona rectangula, Leydigia leydigi, Acanthocyclops robustus and all Rotifera species are first records for Çernek lake. Determined species have been compared with previously studies. It is obvious that lake has given important losses in zooplankton diversity by depending on eutrophication.
Keywords: Çernek Lake, taxonomy, wetlands, zooplankton
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21 Temmuz 1997 yangınında Zarar Gören Düzlerçamı Bölgesi'nin (Antalya) Likenleri
Ozge TUFAN CETIN, Huseyin Sumbul
Issue: 67, Pages: 31-36, Year: 2008
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2008.675
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
This paper includes the lichen flora of Düzlerçamý Region dameged in the 21 July 1997 fire. From 13 familia 18 genus, 36 species and 2 varieties (total 38 taxa) were determined from lichen samples gathered in the area research done between the dates March 2002 and September 2003.
Keywords: Antalya, biodiversity, Fire Region of Duzlercamý, lichen
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Doğal Alanlarda Festival Etkinliklerinin Koruma-Kullanma Açısından Değerlendirilmesi: Kafkasör Kültür, Sanat ve Turizm Festivali Örneği
Turan Yuksek, Tulay Cengiz, Filiz Yuksek
Issue: 67, Pages: 37-45, Year: 2008
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2008.676
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to evaluate some important environmental problems caused by festival activities in Artvin-Kafkasor area in terms of conservation-usage. For this purpose, an inventory was carried out in the festival area and surrounding region. Physical carrying capacity of study area was estimated between 3432 (min.) and 5750 (max.). During the festival, a total of 8607 people made entrance to the festival area. In the last day of the festival, 6400 people made entrance, which was more then the maximum carrying capacity of the festival area. During the festival, 2454 motor vehicles were registered and 360 tents were pitched, 60 of which belonged to tradesmen. The usage density of pitched tents and number of motor vehicles exceeded capacity and caused damage to the festival area. The average number of people per fountain and restroom (toilet) was recorded as 150 and 600 (1600 in the last day of festival), respectively. The average amount of garbage per person was calculated as 1.053 kg/day. Therefore, because of insufficient facilities and unplanned usage of the festival area, damage to the festival area was observed
Keywords: Conservation and usage, environmental protection, festival, Kafkasor, physical carrying capacity
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Modeling Method for the Prediction of the Caspian Sea Level Fluctuation Impacts on the Azerbaijan Coastal Zones Landscape Based on GIS
Emil Bayramov, Ramiz Mamedov
Issue: 67, Pages: 46-51, Year: 2008
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2008.677
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this research was conducted the development of the up-to-date method of how to make modeling of the periodic Caspian Sea water level fluctuation impacts on the coastal areas. For the implementation of this research the stereo satellite imagery of Absheron Peninsula Shakh-Dili zone were processed by the following sequence of Geographical Information Systems and Geomatics processes: triangulation for the preparation of precise stereo model, automatic digital elevation model generation, interactive editing of digital elevation model, and orthorectification for the removal of satellite imagery relief distortions. As a result of the photogrammetric processing were prepared high-accurate digital elevation model and digital orthophoto map what was used for the Geographical Information Systems modeling of water flood and drop areas. As a result of this research it was calculated as the prediction what coastal areas of Absheron Peninsula Shakh-Dili zone will be flooded in cases of Caspian Sea water level increase to the levels of -26 and
-27m. In addition the development of this method showed that the application of high- resolution stereo satellite imagery prepared products was highly suitable for environmental management purposes of coastal zones of Caspian Sea.
Keywords: Digital orthophoto map, gps, dtm, ground control point, gis, photogrammetry
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Statistical Modelling of Water Quantity in the Porsuk Dam
Arzu Altin, Fatih Cemrek, Ozer Ozaydin
Issue: 67, Pages: 52-59, Year: 2008
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2008.678
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study, daily water quantity data in the Porsuk Dam which is taken from State Hydraulic Works (SHW) 3rd Regional Directorate, reaching during January 1992- November 2005 was examined. Then, monthly average values were determined by using these daily data and analyzed through Box-Jenkins method. ARIMA (1,1,1) model was found appropriate to forecast the amount of water in the Porsuk Dam.
A forecast related to water quantity which comes to the dam for 12-months is realized. In December 2004, monthly average water quantity reaching to the Dam was
256.000 m3 and it is forecasted as 360.590 m3. In November 2005, monthly average water quantity reaching was 244.270 m3, and it is forecasted to be 206.560 m3.
Keywords: ARIMA, Box-Jenkins Method, flood, forecast, Porsuk Dam
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Restoration of Deforested Areas by Cypress Seedling in Southern Coast of Caspian Sea (North of Iran)
Masoud TABARI, Hamid REZA SAEIDI
Issue: 67, Pages: 60-64, Year: 2008
DOI: 10.5053/ekoloji.2008.679
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Two-year old cypress (Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis seedlings (1+1) were planted in two planting depths (20 cm and 40 cm) in a lowland deforested area located in south of Caspian Sea, north of Iran. The results after the first and second growing seasons revealed that planting depth influenced survival and vitality such that both variables showed better performance in deeper holes (40 cm). In both periods stem length as well as collar diameter did not increase with increased planting depth. In year two, compared to year one, survival reduced only in holes of 20 cm, vitally declined in both planting depths but growth enhanced. Generally it can be concluded that deeper holes are better suited for plantation of C. sempervirens in the site study.
Keywords: Cupressus sempervirens, planting depth, seedlings, stem length, survival
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