Dietary Overlap in Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and Thornback Ray (Raja clavata) in the Southeastern Black Sea
Sefa Ayhan DEMİRHAN, Kadir SEYHAN, Nuri BAŞUSTA
Issue: 62, Pages: 1-8, Year: 2007
[Abstract]
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[References]
ABSTRACT
The food composition and dietary overlap between the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and thornback ray (Raja clavata) were studied in the Eastern Black Sea. It was found that the food of S. acanthias and R. clavata in the area studied consisted of mainly fish and crustaceans. The availability of prey was found to be the main criterion in the spiny dogfish feeding strategy. In winter, anchovy were the dominant prey for S. acanthias. This reflects that there is a high availability of these prey in the region. The availability of prey items affected the diet composition, the values of diet breadth, the prey similarity and the dietary overlap of the thornback ray and spiny dogfish. The study has shown that the prey similarity index of these species was 38%. The diet of R. clavata was significantly overlapped by the diet of S. acanthias (1.38). However, S. acanthias was observed to have a more unique diet and was insignificantly overlapped by R. clavata (0.36). The overall results indicate that the spiny dogfish is an indiscriminate predator preying upon those species that are most abundant and available in the area and season, and that R. clavata also feed mainly on anchovy and whiting in the winter but shift to crab and Gobius sp., a demersal species common in the area, together with whiting for the rest of the year.
Keywords: Black Sea, dietary overlap, food composition, Raja clavata, Squalus acanthias
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The Effect of Cadmium Ions on the Growth Rate of the Freshwater Macrophyte Duckweed Lemna minor
Yağmur UYSAL, Fadime TANER
Issue: 62, Pages: 9-15, Year: 2007
[Abstract]
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[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study, the effect of Cd(II) on the growth rate of Lemna minor was investigated in an aqueous media with changing initial pH (4.5-8.0), temperature (15-35ºC) and Cd(II) concentration (0.05-20.0 ppm). The frond numbers were determined by time, and the kinetic model of plant growth was derived and fitted to the first order reaction kinetics. The reaction rate constants (k; d-1) were determined for all conditions. Experimental results showed that k decreased in the Cd(II) containing media according to control. But, plant growth was affected positively in 0.05 ppm. For example, k was found to be 0.194 d-1 for 0.05 ppm at pH 5.0, but it was 0.160 d-1 for the control. Additionally, k decreased significantly in lower pH values, but it increased especially in the pH 7.0-8.0 range. The maximum k was obtained at 25ºC for both Cd(II) containing media and control. When the temperature was increased, k started to decrease at the 25- 30ºC range. For example, it was found 0.145 d-1 for 0.1 ppm Cd(II) and 0.160 d-1 for the control at 25ºC, but it decreased to 0.014 d-1 for 0.1 ppm Cd(II), and 0.121 d-1 for the control at 30ºC. The results showed that Cd(II) was very toxic for Lemna and reduced the growth rates.
Keywords: Cadmium, duckweed, growth rate, heavy metal, Lemna
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Akçay 'ın (Büyük Menderes-Muğla) Bacillariophyta Dışındaki Epilitik Algleri
Cüneyt Nadir SOLAK, Murat BARLAS, Köksal PABUÇCU
Issue: 62, Pages: 16-22, Year: 2007
[Abstract]
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[References]
ABSTRACT
The study of algae, of Akçay, except Bacillariophyta were monthly investigated between June 2001 and September 2002 from six different points. As a result, 26 taxa belong to Chlorophyta, 30 taxa to Cyanophyta, 1 taxon to Chrysophyta and 4 taxa to Euglenophyta were identified and totally 61 taxa were determined. In this study it was found out that II. station is the most crowded location according to number of the taxa among six stations. The most densely found taxa in this station were Komvophoron constrictum, the species of Microcyctis, Oscillatoria, Chroococcus genera and members of Chloroccoccales. It is thought that the reasons of abundance of Microcyctis aeroginosa in the ambience are water temperature as well as water pollution.
Keywords: Abundancy, Akcay, algae, flora, Turkey
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Yukarı Porsuk Çayı (Kütahya) Epilitik Diyatomeleri
Nüket AKANIL BİNGÖL, M. Sabri ÖZYURT, Hayri DAYIOĞLU, Ahmet YAMIK, Cüneyt Nadir SOLAK
Issue: 62, Pages: 23-29, Year: 2007
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study, the epilithic diatoms were monthly investigated in the three stations between December 2004 and August 2005 along the Upper Porsuk Creek. As a result, 58 diatom taxa were totally identified. The members of Nitzschia, Navicula and Cymbella were abundant at these study sites. Among the identified taxa, Nitzschia palea (%17), Achnanthidium minutissimum (%9), Diatoma tenue (%7), Cymbella affinis (%7) and Achnanthes lanceolata (%5) were dominant.
Keywords: Epilithic diatoms, Kütahya, Porsuk Creek
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Dalaman Çayı Üzerindeki Bereket Hidro- Elektrik Santrali Baraj Gölü Suyunun Bazı Fiziko-Kimyasal Parametrelerinin ve Balık Faunasının Araştırılması
Nedim ÖZDEMİR, Fevzi YILMAZ, Bülent YORULMAZ
Issue: 62, Pages: 30-36, Year: 2007
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The Bereket hydro-electric plant dam lakes, established on the Dalaman Stream in Dalaman town of Mugla, both meets the electricity need of the province and also irrigation need of the arable lands in the province; particularly, during summer season. This study was carried out to show environmental impact by determining the water quality and the fish fauna of the lake. Fish samples were obtained by means of electro-shocker, water analyses were performed on the field on water samples taken every month throughout a year from four stations by using ready made kits. Physico-chemical data were measured as following (minimum-maximum respectively); water temperature (13.0-29.8oC), pH (7.74-8.60), conductivity(502-837 mS cm-1), chloride (0.1-1.8 mg L-1), dissolved oxygen (4.05-9.80 mg L-1), nitrate (0.12-2.80 mg L-1), total hardness (13.5-19.0odH) and phosphate (ALA-0.05 mg L-1). The physico-chemical data were evaluated and the water quality classes of the chosen stations in Bereket hydro-electric plant dam lakes were determined. By evaluating the physico-chemical data, according to the Water Pollution Control Regulation, the water quality classes of the chosen stations in Bereket hydro-electric plant dam lakes were determined as; 1. Class in respect to the temperature, pH, chloride, phosphate; 2. class in respect to the dissolved oxygen; acceptable in respect to the nitrate and "soft water" in respect to total hardness.
At the end of the study, Capoeta capoeta bergamae, Leuciscus cephalus, Anguilla
anguilla, Barbus plebejus escherichi and Cyprinus carpio species were detected in the dam lake. As a result of the ecological evaluation of the Bereket hydro-electric plant dam lake, it was found that there are no significant pollution problems.
Keywords: Dalaman Stream, ecology, fish fauna, water quality
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Antalya Yöresindeki Seralarda Kimyasal ve Organik Gübre Kullanım Düzeyleri ve Olası Çevre Etkileri
Atılgan ATILGAN, Ali COŞKAN, Burak SALTUK, Müge ERKAN
Issue: 62, Pages: 37-47, Year: 2007
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted in greenhouses in Antalya province. Purpose of the study was to determine level of fertilizer use and its effect on environment. In order to determine number of greenhouses that questionnaire conducted on, simple random sampling method was used. Number of greenhouses was found as 123 with 95% confidence interval and 5% error. Correlation was used to correlate the variables.
Forty eight percent of the producers held primary school diploma. Most of the producers used chemical and organic fertilizers without conducting soil sample analyses. As level of education increased use of chemicals and fertilizers decreased and soil sampling analyses increased. It was found that 37% of the producers applied more than 50 kg of N+P2O5+K2O chemical fertilizers in addition to organic fertilizers. It was found that 61% of the producers use similar amount of fertilizers as those in European Union and 39% of the producers use 51-75 kg/da fertilizer. This amount is more than 10 times higher than Turkish average. Results showed that excessive use of chemical and organic fertilizers would pose a potential pollution factor for soil and water resources.
Keywords: Antalya, chemical fertilizer, greenhouse, organic fertilizer
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Balık-Ördek Entegrasyonunun Aynalı Sazanlarda Bazı Performans Özellikleri ve Kimyasal Kompozisyon Oranları Üzerine Etkisi
Ekrem LAÇİN, Mehmet Sıtkı ARAS
Issue: 62, Pages: 48-54, Year: 2007
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to determine the effects of integrated fish-duck farming on some performance characteristics and chemical compositions of meat in mirror carps. The experimental study lasted for 60 days. 250 Mirror carps, average 15±0.17 g live weight, were divided into 2 treatment groups, and each treatment groups were replicated five times as subgroups, comprising of 25 Mirror carps each. Mirror carps were exposed to 2 different raising systems which included integrated (fish-duck) (IG) and nonintegrated (NIG) systems. According to the results obtained from present study, significance differences (P<0,05) between treatment groups (body weights, daily weight gains, daily feed consumptions, feed efficiency and fork, standard and total length values) except for condition factor values. Also body composition (dry matter, crude ash, crude fat, crude protein) except for dry matter of Mirror carps were not affected by the type of farming. Mirror carps raised in integrated system had higher dry matter rate than those of in nonintegrated system. In conclusion, results obtained from present study showed that Mirror carps exposed to the integrated raising system were better performance than the nonintegrated system.
Keywords: Fish-duck integration, meat quality, mirror carps, performance characteristics
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Bir Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Atıksu Arıtma Tesisinden Çıkan Atıksuların Tarımsal Amaçlı Sulama Suyu Olarak Yeniden Kullanılabilirliğinin Araştırılması
Gökhan Ekrem ÜSTÜN, Seval Kutlu Akal SOLMAZ
Issue: 62, Pages: 55-61, Year: 2007
[Abstract]
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[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study, reusability of wastewater originated from Organized Industrial District in Bursa city, after treatment in the present treatment plant was investigated to use for agricultural irrigation purposes. Treated wastewater coming from present treatment plant was subjected to chemical precipitation and ion exchange to determine removal efficiencies on pollutant parameters over the agricultural irrigation standards. Optimum removal efficiencies were determined at pH=11 at chemical precipitation, with values of 96%, 31% for TSS and COD; 75%, 88% and 90%, color removal efficiencies at 436, 525 and 620 nm wavelength respectively. Average removal efficiency was obtained 90% for conductivity and color parameters by ion exchange method as 71% SO -2, 96% Cl-, 95% and 436, 525 and 620 nm respectively at rate of 20 mL H-type resin/ 20 mL OH-type resin. As a result of study it was determined that the wastewater was reached to 1. class agricultural irrigation purposes quality and reusability was possible.
Keywords: Agricultural irrigation purposes, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, organized industrial district effluent
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Asphodelus aestivus (Liliaceae)'un Antimikrobiyal Etkisinin Çukur ve Disk Diffüzyon Yöntemiyle Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Belirlenmesi
Mustafa OSKAY, Kamuran AKTAŞ, Dilek SARI, Cem AZERİ
Issue: 62, Pages: 62-65, Year: 2007
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Plant parts were powdered, extracted in a Soxhlet extractor with n-butanol and ethanol (60-80oC) for 12 h, filtered using Whatman filter paper no:4 and the filtrate was then evaporated at 70oC. For determination of antimicrobial activity, different concentrations of crude extract tested against bacteria and yeasts by both well and disk diffusion method. Results showed that the Asphodelus aestivus extract (Flower, fruits and whole plant) exhibited antimicrobial activity ranging from 2 to 15 mm. Extract obtained with ethanol was showed more inhibision. According to same concentrations of crude extract used with well diffusion method results were a bit higher than disc diffusion results. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined on susceptible microorganisms by macrobroth dilution method, and MIC values were shown from 36 to 90 mg/mL. Also some commercial antibiotics were used to determine sensitivity of the test microorganisms and comparison.
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Asphodelus aestivus, Turkish asphodel
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Ege Denizinde Yetiştiriciliği Yapılan Levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax)'lerin Solungaç Paraziti Diplectanum aequans (Monogenea: Diplectanidae)'ın Tedavisi Üzerine Denemeler
Erol TOKŞEN
Issue: 62, Pages: 66-71, Year: 2007
[Abstract]
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[References]
ABSTRACT
Monogenean gill parasites of cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and their treatment were investigated in this resesarh. 950 fish sample obtanied from 9 fish farms were used. The research were caried out between March 1995 and December 1997. Diplectanum aequans was found on the gills of sea bass. 11 chemicals (Formalin, praziquantel, levamisole-HCl, mebendazole, triklorfon, diklorvos, azametifos, malachite green, ivermectin, toltrazuril, febantel) were tested in vivo and in vitro to treatment of D. aequans infestations in sea bass (D. labrax). Only 1 ppm azametifos bath for 2 hours or 50 mg/kg body weight orally application of triklorfon for 5 days were effective to treatment of D. aequans infestations.
Keywords: Dicentrarchus labrax, Diplectanum aequans, parasite, sea bass, treatment
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Tekstil Endüstrisi Atıksuları Üzerinde İleri Oksidasyon ve Kimyasal Arıtma Prosesleri Kullanılarak KOI ve Renk Gideriminin Araştırılması
Aşkın BİRGÜL, Seval Kutlu AKAL SOLMAZ
Issue: 62, Pages: 72-80, Year: 2007
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
In this study, COD and colour removal efficiencies of a textile industry wastewaters, which is located in Bursa City were investigated, using different advanced oxidation processes. Coagulation, Fenton, Fenton-like and ozonation processes were applied to the wastewater taken from the equalization tank of the treatment plant of the industry. The results show that, the best results for COD and colour removal were obtained using Fenton processes and ozonation. COD and colour removal efficiencies for Fenton process and ozonation were determined as %52 and %96, %51 and %98, respectively. Operating costs of various advanced oxidation processes were also determined in the study. Considering operation and investment costs, for COD and colour removal from textile industry effluent Fenton process was suitable.
Keywords: Advanced oxidation, Fenton process, operating cost, ozonation, textile effluent
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