Anaerobik Stabilizasyon Havuzlarının Arıtma Verimi: Bursa Örneği
Aysın GİRAY KAYNAK, Yücel TAŞDEMİR
Issue: 44, Pages: 1-6, Year: 2002
[Abstract]
ABSTRACT
Anaerobic stabilization ponds are often used as a first stage of the treatment when land is cheap and climate conditions are suitable. In the scope of this study, East and West treatment units, consisting of physical treatment units and anaerobic stabilization ponds, in Bursa are presented in terms of organic pollution levels in the effluents and factors affecting treatment effıciency. Wastewater coming into the Bursa Wastewater Treatment Plants has medium strength characteristics and it is treated with an average BOD5 removal effıciency of 30-40%. The temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of wastewater were determined to be the most important parameters affecting the BOD5 removal effîciencies on the studies carried out between March 1999 and April 2001. However, regression calculations indicated that HRT was more important for removal effîciencies in both plants.
Keywords: Anaerobic stabilization potıd, treatment effıciency, organic poüutants
Kırka`da (Eskişehir) Bor`a Maruz Kalan Halkın Sağlık Birimlerine Başvurularının Değerlendirilmesi
Alaettin ÜNSAL, Selma METİNTAŞ
Issue: 44, Pages: 7-10, Year: 2002
[Abstract]
ABSTRACT
in this study, it was evaluated the admissions of people who live in Kırka and of the workers who work in Etibank Kırka Borax Company, to the health units. The registration of diseases based on outpatient visits of Etibank Kırka Borax Company and Kırka Health Center have been screened retrospectively for the last fıve years. The level of boron in collected water samples was determined by the Colorimetric Carmine method. Among 695 male workers and 11 female officers in the Company, occupational physician contacts per person were 7.5 and 19.2 respectively during the last fıve years. Among 2 294 men who are in the similar age group (18-54 yr) as the male workers, the Health Center physician contact per person was 1.2 during the last fıve years. Admissions due to gastritis-duodenitis to the health unit of Company were signifıcantly greater than those in the Health Center. According to the upper limit value of boron (0.6 mgl) in drinking water determined by EPA the settlements were divided into two groups. The admissions to the Health Center due to pulmonary emphysema, asthma and bronchitis in six settlements where the level of boron was found to be equal or higher than 0.6 mg/1 were signifıcantly greater than those in the other settlements where the level of boron was found to be lower than 0.6 mg/1.
Keywords: Boron, occupational exposure, diseases, water analysis
Gediz Deltası (İzmir Kuş Cenneti) Kuşları
Mehmet SIKI
Issue: 44, Pages: 11-16, Year: 2002
[Abstract]
ABSTRACT
The delta of Gediz is an important wetland of A category found in Türkey. 211 bird species of the total number of 426 species have been observed in Gediz delta. 59 of them incubate here. Since 27 species of these incubating ones are water birds, the area becomes even more important. From the 211 bird species determined in the mentioned area, 64 are local, 54 are summer migrates, 43 are winter migrates and 30 are transit passengers. The status of the 20 species could not be identifıed as a result of inadequate number of observations. The 115 bird species of 211 observed Gediz delta are considered within the danger of A category (A.1.2, A2, A3 and A4) and 27 species are of B (B2,B3) category. These factors indicate that how important the area is from the view of the bird species whose race are in danger to be extinguished and that ought to be protected.
Keywords: Gediz delta, bird, protection
İç Anadolu Bölgesi`nde Yayılış Gösteren Aegilops Türlerinin Tohum Çimlenmesi Üzerine NaCl`ün Etkileri
Banu Aytül ASLANARGUN
Issue: 44, Pages: 17-20, Year: 2002
[Abstract]
ABSTRACT
In this study 9 species of Aegilops collected from 72 localities in Central Anatolia were used as plant material. Seeds of Aegilops species were germinated in the presence of 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% of NaCl, under 12h photoperiod at 25°C. Stem and root length of each germinated seeds was measured. Although germination rate was less than that of control, A. uniaristata ve A. genkulata seeds were germinated well in the presence of 1%, 2% and 3% of NaCl; but increased concentration of NaCl prevented germination in other species. However, except A comosa, the other's partially adapted themselves to salty condition at the end of 30 days. These results were in agreement of other previous reports that imply salty conditions prevent water intake during the development of root and stem of the plant.
Keywords: Aegilops, seed germination, NaCl
Kangal Termik Santralinde Uçucu Kül Atımının Çevresel Etkileri
Ümit ŞENGÜL
Issue: 44, Pages: 21-24, Year: 2002
[Abstract]
ABSTRACT
To investigate the environmental impacts of fly ashes from Kangal Power Plant, a column containing fly ash was prepared. Elemental contents of leaching eluents were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and minerological changes in the column content were characterized X-Ray Difraction. Trace elements were found under the dedection limits while signifıcant amount of Li, Na, K, Rb, Ca, Mg and Sr were leached. Results indicated that fly ashes of power plant are not important pollution for the environment in the short and middle term.
Keywords: Fly ash, power plant, environmental pollution, solid waste
Parathion Methyl ve Cypermetrin`in Toprak Mikroorganizmaları Üzerine Etkileri
Metin DIĞRAK, Sami ÖZÇELİK
Issue: 44, Pages: 25-29, Year: 2002
[Abstract]
ABSTRACT
in this study the effect of insecticides "(Korthion M or Parathion-methyl, [0,0-dimethyl-0-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate] and (Arrivo 20 EC or Cypermethrin, [Cyano-3-phenoxybenzenyl (+Cis, trans) 3- (2,2- dichloroviniyl- 2,2- dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylate) glycine]" which are commonly used in agriculture were investigated on soil microorganisms. The parathion methyl from insecticides used in the study increased the number of actinomycetes and the total viable bacteria. This treatment had no inhibitory effect on the growth of the aerob endospore-forming and proteolytic bacteria and on the number of anaerobic bacteria whereas the grovrth of mold, yeasts and cellulolytic bacteria was adversely affected. On the other hand, the aerob endospor-forming and proteolytic bacteria number was found to be similar with that of control groups in the cypermethrin-treated soil. it was determined that the number of cellulolytic bacteria and mold-yeasts were adversely affected. The number of the total viable bacteria was found to be similar with that of control groups until lOth day of incubation. Thereafter the number of viable bacteria in the soil treated with cypermetrin was found more than that.
Keywords: Cypermethrin, methyl parathion, soil microorganisms
Ruwertal/Almanya`daki Toprak Aşınımının Genel Toprak Kaybı Eşitliğiyle Belirlenmesi
Sezgin HACISALİHOĞLU, H. Zeki KALAY
Issue: 44, Pages: 30-36, Year: 2002
[Abstract]
ABSTRACT
in this article it is given some general informations about the soil erosion and erosion calculation methods. in addition to this, the usage and the results of Universal Soil Loss Equation (ÜSLE) in Mertesdorf are interpretated. As a result, it have been determined that especially in the plots where the slope ratio is high, the skeletal amount is low and the plant cover is absent, is the erosion amount relatively high.
Keywords: Soil erosion, erosion calculation, universal soil loss equation